小西葫芦绿斑驳花叶病毒生物学特性及传播方式

Biological characteristics and transmission modes of zucchini green mottle mosaic virus

小西葫芦绿斑驳花叶病毒(Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus,ZGMMV)是我国新报道的侵染葫芦科作物的烟草花叶病毒属病毒。从感染病毒的葫芦叶片中分离出ZGMMV,摩擦接种西瓜(Citrullus lanatus)、葫芦(Lagenaria siceraria)、西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo)、南瓜(Cucurbita moschata)、丝瓜(Luffa cylindrica)、黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)、甜瓜(Cucumis melo)、西方烟(Nicotiana occidentalis)、本生烟(Nicotiana benthamiana)和心叶烟(Nicotiana glutinosa),通过症状观察、血清学和分子生物学检测明确症状特点和寄主范围;研究病毒的种子传播,以及整枝打杈和滴灌对于病毒的传播。结果表明:ZGMMV可侵染所有供试植物;叶片症状主要为花叶、斑驳和褪绿斑,西瓜茎蔓出现坏死斑、果实倒瓤,甜瓜果实表皮出现褪绿斑;ZGMMV可通过整枝打杈等农事操作机械传播,也可通过滴灌的水在土壤中传播。该病毒在西瓜、葫芦和甜瓜上可以种传,种传率均约为1%。研究结果有助于制订该病害的综合防控策略。

Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus(ZGMMV),belonging to the genus Tobamovirus,was newly reported from China in 2018.In this study,we purified ZGMMV from field-grown bottle gourd sample,and inoculated bottle gourd(Lagenaria siceraria),watermelon(Citrullus lanatus),muskmelon(Cucumis melo),cucumber(C.sativus),zucchini(Cucurbita pepo),pumpkin(Cucurbita moschata),luffa(Luffa cylindrica),Nicotiana benthamiana,N.glutinosa and N.occidentalis at the seedling stage.Through the symptom observation,serological and molecular detection,the host symptoms and range were investigated.The results showed that ZGMMV could infect all tested plants.The symptoms were mosaic,mottle and chlorotic spots on the leaves of all inoculated plants.In addition,necrotic spots on stem and flesh decay were observed in watermelon,and chlorotic spots appeared on the fruit surface of muskmelon.We studied the transmission modes through pruning,drip irrigation and seeds.Results showed that ZGMMV can be transmitted by mechanical pruning,drip irrigation water and seeds.It was confirmed that one percent of seed transmission occurred in bottle gourd,watermelon and muskmelon.These results will help us to design effective prevention and control strategy for the virus.