活动性肺结核免疫耗竭及免疫治疗的研究进展

Research progress on immune exhaustion and immunotherapy of active pulmonary tuberculosis

免疫耗竭是普遍存在于慢性感染及肿瘤中的一种免疫功能失调状态,细菌、病毒、肿瘤细胞等抗原长期持续地刺激免疫细胞可引起免疫耗竭,作为特殊细菌的结核分枝杆菌当然也不例外。免疫耗竭在肿瘤及病毒领域的研究较多而在结核分枝杆菌感染中的研究较少。处于耗竭状态的免疫细胞不能对结核分枝杆菌产生有效的免疫应答,从而对结核病患者的病情不利。胸腺肽治疗、细胞因子治疗、过继免疫细胞治疗等免疫治疗能提高活动性肺结核患者的免疫功能,从而辅助治疗免疫耗竭。本文就活动性肺结核免疫耗竭及免疫治疗的研究进展进行综述。

Immune exhaustion is a state of immune dysfunction commonly existing in chronic infection and tumor.Long-term and continuous stimulation of immune cells by antigens such as bacteria,viruses and tumor cells can cause immune exhaustion.Of course,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,as a special bacterium,is not exceptional.Immune exhaustion has been frequently studied in the field of tumor and virus,but scarcely studied in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.Immune cells in an exhaustion state cannot produce an effective immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis,which is accordingly unfavourable for the disease condition of tuberculosis patients.Thymosin therapy,cytokine therapy and adoptive immune cell therapy can improve the immune function of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis,so as to assist in the treatment of immune exhaustion.This paper reviews the research progress of immune exhaustion and immunotherapy of active pulmonary tuberculosis.