中国南方地区植保无人机补贴体系的政策效应及优化策略

Policy effect and optimization strategy for plant protection UAV subsidy system in southern China

为探讨政府补贴对中国南方地区中小农田、丘陵山区无人机植保普及率的政策效应,选择小块农田与坡地,通过3种主流无人机型的植保服务作业试验,分析政府补贴对作业成本、专业服务团队收益等因素的影响。结果表明:政府补贴对无人机植保普及率的提升有明显的促进效应,购置补贴对降低无人机植保作业成本的作用有限,但作业补贴能够显著促进专业服务团队更好地为中小农田、丘陵山区服务。本研究进一步提出补贴体系的优化策略:购置补贴需要增加新的标准,作业补贴需要分类细化为基础作业补贴、飞防药剂补贴、丘陵山区作业补贴、偏远地区运输补贴、特种作物作业补贴5种类型。

In order to explore the effect of government subsidies on the penetration rate of UAV in small and mediumsized farmland and hilly areas of southern China,small farmland and slope land were selected to analyze the influence of government subsidies on the operation cost and the income of professional service teams through the operation test of three mainstream UAVs.The results show that:The government subsidies have a significant promoting effect on the popularization rate of UAV plant protection;The purchase subsidies have a limited effect on reducing the operating cost of UAV plant protection,while operation subsidies can significantly promote the professional service teams to achieve better serve to small and medium-sized farmland and hilly areas.This study further proposes a optimal strategy for subsidy system as follows:The purchase subsidy needs to add new standards;The operation subsidy needs to be classified into five types including basic operation subsidy,flight control agent subsidy,operation subsidy in hilly areas,transportation subsidy in remote areas,and operation subsidy for special crops.