不良气象微环境对机场道面抗滑性能影响分析

Influences of Adverse Meteorological Micro-environment on Skid Resistance of Airport Pavement

不良气象微环境直接影响机场区域道面使用性能及安全性。在剖析不良气象微环境作用机理基础上,利用环境舱模拟道面结冰试验,探究了不同气象微环境条件下的关键控制因子与摩擦系数的耦合作用规律,建立了水膜、积雪、结冰厚度与道面的抗滑性能预测模型。研究结果表明:厚冰道面摩擦系数介于0.09~0.15,抗滑性能最差;薄冰+水、厚冰+水及薄冰道面优于厚冰道面,但不满足场道飞机及作业车辆的安全运营需求;积雪道面摩擦系数介于0.37~0.46,但受荷载压实易形成光滑道面,影响机场区域交通安全。通过多元非线性数据回归耦合作用分析,建立了水膜、积雪、结冰厚度与机场道面抗滑性能关系模型。经拟合优度及显著性检验分析可知,提出的模型拟合优度均大于0.8,满足收敛和显著性检验要求,在实际机场道面抗滑性能安全预测预警应用中具有统计学意义。

The performance and safety of airport pavement is affected by adverse meteorological micro-environment directly. On the basis of analyzing the function mechanism of adverse meteorological microenvironment,the correlation of key impact factors and friction coefficient under different meteorological micro-environment conditions are studied through pavement icing tests carried out in an environment chamber. The prediction models of the thickness of water film,snow,ice,and skid resistance of pavement are proposed. The results show that the friction coefficient of the pavement covered by thick ice is between 0.09 and 0.15,where skid resistance is the worst. Although thin ice & water-covered pavement,thick ice & water-covered pavement,and the pavement covered by thin ice have better skid resistance than the pavement covered by thick ice,they still cannot meet the requirements for safe operation of airplanes and working vehicles. In addition,the friction coefficient of snow-covered pavement is good and it usually ranges between 0.37 and 0.46,but such pavement may form a smooth surface under load pressure,which will seriously affect the traffic safety of airports. A relationship model between water film,snow,ice thickness,and skid resistance of airport pavement is developed through a multiple nonlinear regression analysis. It is found that the goodness of fit of the proposed model is greater than 0.8,which meets the requirements for the goodness-of-fit and significance test of regression analysis. It is believed that the models developed are useful for providing early warning for low skid resistance of airport pavement.