职业教育教学论:职业教育研究重要的基础性学科

Vocational Didactics:An Important Basic Discipline for Vocational Education Research

职业教育是独特的教育类型,开展具有职业教育"类型特色"的理论研究具有重要意义。职业教育教学论是研究"如何教授一个职业"的科学,是联合国教科文组织确定的职教教师培养的基础性学科。从职业教育教学论的概念和特点出发,考察普通教育教学原理对职业教育的适切性。职业教育要为学习者创造更多自主学习机会,同时保持学习作为实践共同体集体活动的基本特征;应实现工作场所学习与院校学习的融合,通过综合性学习任务,确保学习者成为教学过程的主体。社会发展塑造了职业教育新的学习范式,为职业学习赋予了丰富的社会意义,如何兼顾个性发展和社会需求培养高素质技术技能人才,是职业教育教学论研究的重要任务。

Vocational education is a unique type of education,and the research on teaching theory with“type characteristics”of vocational education is of great significance.The vocational didactics,a discipline of“how to teach persons for industrial occupations”,is the basic subject of vocational education teacher training suggested by UNESCO.This paper discusses the basic concepts and characteristics of the vocational didactics,and examines the relevance of the basic principles of general didactics to vocational education.Vocational education should create more opportunities for learners to learn independently,while maintaining the basic characteristics of learning as a collective activity of community of practice;it should realize the integration of workplace learning and school learning,and ensure that learners become the main subject of the teaching-learning process through comprehensive interdisciplinary learning tasks in different learning places.The development of modern society not only shapes a new learning paradigm of vocational education,but also endows vocational learning with rich social significance.How to take into account the development of personality and social needs in high-quality vocational education,is an important task of vocational didactics research.