论中国古代戏剧中舞台科诨和剧本科诨的交互影响

Interactions between Stage Buffoonery and Script Buffoonery in Traditional Chinese Theatre

科诨由宋金杂剧中独立的表演形态,逐渐演化为元明清戏曲中的一种常见艺术手法。舞台科诨和剧本科诨,二者交互影响、协同演进,一方面,舞台科诨规约了剧本科诨的内容,另一方面,剧本科诨(尤其是文人创作)对舞台科诨具有反哺作用。同时,舞台科诨和剧本科诨的深度融合又推动了科诨的规范和程式化。科诨的程式化是表演程式化的先声,表演的程式化包含了科诨的程式化。

Buffoonery is a common way of artistic expression in plays. Being an independent form of performance in Zaju of Song and Jin Dynasties,it evolved into a way of artistic expression in the plays of Yuan and Ming and Qing Dynasties. If buffoonery performances on the stage can be called stage buffoonery,and buffoonery lines in the script,script buffoonery,and if we take a look at the history of stage performance and play writing,we’ll find they came out of the long-term evolution of play. Stage buffoonery and script buffoonery interacted on each other and had collaborative development,with the former regulating the content of the latter,and the latter,especially those created by literati,back-feeding the former. At the same time,the further integration of the two boosted the stylized performance of buffoonery. The stylization of buffoonery was the prelude to and part of the stylization of performance. They are two streams from the same source,and have basically synchronized development.