公众参与如何影响企业绿色技术创新——基于中介效应和空间效应的分析

How Public Participation Affects Corporate Green Technology Innovation?Analysis Based on Intermediary Effect and Spatial Effect

绿色技术创新是破解资源环境约束的根本之计,公众参与作为一种“软约束”对绿色技术创新的作用日益凸显。本文基于公众弥补“政府失灵”和“市场失灵”的独特优势,系统探讨了公众参与对绿色技术创新的影响及传导机制,并立足于创新对象的不同,利用固定效应模型、中介效应模型及空间计量模型对其进行了实证检验。结果表明:(1)公众参与能够显著地提升绿色工艺创新,而对绿色产品创新的作用并不明显;(2)公众参与依赖于政府环境规制迫使企业污染成本内部化,进而间接影响绿色工艺创新;(3)区域异质性方面,经济较发达地区公众参与对绿色工艺创新的作用更为明显;政府环境规制在公众参与度较高的地区对绿色工艺创新或产品创新的正向促进效果更为明显;(4)空间效应方面,本地公众参与不仅会提升本地绿色工艺创新,同时这种正向效应也会辐射到经济差距较小的周边地区。本文的研究有利于厘清公众参与对绿色技术创新的影响效应,明确其作用路径,为“三方共治”治理体系的有效实施提供参考。

Green technology innovation is the fundamental way to break the constraints of resources and environment. As a“soft constraint”,public participation plays an increasingly prominent role in green technology innovation. Based on the unique advantages of the public to make up for“government failure”and“market failure”,the impact and transmission mechanism of public participation were systematically discussed on green technology innovation,and an empirical test was made by using fixed effect model,intermediary effect model and spatial econometric model. The results show that:public participation can significantly improve green process innovation,but has no obvious effect on green product innovation;Public participation depends on government environmental regulation,which forces enterprises to internalize pollution costs,and then indirectly affects green process innovation;In terms of regional heterogeneity,the effect of public participation on green process innovation is more obvious in economically developed areas;The positive effect of government environmental regulation on green process innovation or product innovation is more obvious in areas with high public participation;In terms of spatial effect,local public participation will not only improve local green process innovation,but also radiate this positive effect to the surrounding areas with small economic gap. The research is conducive to clarify the impact of public participation on green technology innovation,clarify its action path,and provide reference for the effective implementation of the“tripartite governance”governance system.