皇权强化与祥瑞生成--以永乐时期塔影赋创作为中心

Strengthening of Imperial Power and Generation of Auspicious Signs:Focusing on the Creation of Taying Fu in Yongle Period

永乐时期塔影赋现存高得旸《灵谷寺宝塔影赋》与郑棠《塔影赋》两篇,皆为永乐五年灵谷寺普度大斋的赞咏颂歌,赋文本中塔影书写的理解困惑源于小孔成像的光学现象。借助藏传佛教的诡秘神异与文学颂美的夸诩装扮,原本吉凶不定、阐释多变的塔影异象被塑造为上契天心、圣孝瑞应的完美祥瑞,以达到朱棣强化皇权、构建统治合法性的政治目的。宗教因素在塔影祥瑞的生成过程中起着重要作用,其与文学的互动碰撞推动了神性转移的完成,朱棣帝王圣君的形象逐步确立,同时也使明初文学的书写题材与角色定位受到影响。塔影祥瑞的背后生动鲜活地体现着永乐时期文学创作的颂圣主题与揄扬风潮。

The two extant Taying Fu from Yongle Period are Linggu Temple Taying Fu by Gao Deyang and Taying Fu by Zheng Tang, both of which were eulogies of the grand Buddhist event held in Linggu Temple in the 5^(th) year of Yongle Period. The mystery of Taying (tower shadow) in the writing of Fu came from the optical phenomenon of pinhole imaging. With the decoration of secretive and mysterious Tibetan Buddhist concepts and the glorification of literary description, the strange tower shadow phenomenon, which was originally uncertain in interpretation as an indication of good or bad luck, was shaped as a perfect auspicious sign of the emperor acting according to heaven’s principles, whose filial piety generated the auspicious sign, in order to achieve Emperor Zhu Di's political purpose of strengthening imperial power and establishing his legitimacy of rule. Religious factors played an important role in the generation of the auspicious sign of tower shadow. The interaction and collision between such religious factors and literature helped to complete the transfer of divinity, and the image of Zhu Di as a divine emperor was gradually established, which also affected the theme and characters in the writing of literature in the early Ming Dynasty. The auspicious tower shadow vividly embodied the theme of emperor praising and the trend of positive comments in the literature of Yongle Period.