公路隧道疏散救援关键技术——以北京东六环特长盾构隧道为例

Key Technology of Highway Tunnel Evacuation and Rescue:a Case Study of Extra-Long Shield Tunnel of Beijing East Liuhuan Road

为解决大直径盾构隧道运营中的疏散及救援问题,从理论到实践进行探索。从隧道运营安全特点出发,分析隧道安全事故特点和疏散救援特点;通过案例分析和数据论证,初步探讨疏散与救援的原则和标准,提出疏散时间不大于6 min和救援时间不大于15 min的标准,尤其是对于规范没有明确的救援标准,从公路隧道灭火控火和医疗救援2方面的要求,提出合理建议值;在理论研究基础上,以北京城市副中心在建的东六环特长盾构隧道为例,应用上述原则和标准,进行专项疏散救援方案研究,并通过数值模拟印证方案的有效性。随着未来公路与城市道路的建设,特长隧道、超宽隧道、分岔隧道等复杂隧道将越来越多,隧道运营安全压力将逐步增大,需要从管理角度出发进行安全设计。

The evacuation and rescue is a key problem in the operation of large-diameter shield tunnel.First,based on the operation safety characteristics of tunnel,the characteristics of tunnel safety accidents and evacuation and rescue are analyzed.Second,through case analysis and data demonstration,the principles and standards of evacuation and rescue are preliminarily discussed,and the standards of evacuation time(no more than 6 min)and rescue time(no more than 15 min)are proposed.Recommendations are present from the aspects of fire fighting and control and medical rescue of highway tunnel,especially for those without clear rescue standards.Finally,the recommended principles and standards are applied to conduct a special evacuation and rescue scheme with a case study of extra-long shield tunnel on east Liuhuan road in Beijing under construction based on theoretical research.The effectiveness of the scheme is verified using numerical simulation method.With the development of highway and urban roads,there will be more and more complex tunnels such as extra-long tunnel,extra-wide tunnel,and bifurcated tunnel,resulting in increasing pressure of tunnel operation,which demonstrates that safety design should be carried out from the perspective of management.