不同有机肥对旱直播水稻品质的影响

The Effect of Organic Fertilizer on the Quality of Dry Direct-seeding Rice

为了探究旱直播水稻品质在不同有机肥处理下的变化规律,于2018-2020年,以龙粳31为试验材料,设置6种处理,即:零肥(N0)、常规施肥(NPK)、生物炭+常规施肥(OF1)、海藻生物有机肥+常规施肥(OF2)、基施旺生物有机肥+常规施肥(OF3)、凹凸棒有机肥+常规施肥(OF4),研究不同有机肥处理下旱直播水稻加工品质、外观品质、营养品质和蒸煮食味品质的变化差异。结果表明:3 a间,有机肥处理的稻米整精米率高于NPK和N0,与NPK相比,OF1~OF4分别提高2.64,1.78,1.06,2.53百分点;垩白度以OF2最高,为1.82%,较NPK增加0.11百分点,但OF1、OF3、OF4垩白度低于NPK,平均分别降低0.26,0.41,0.51百分点;各处理的精米粒长、粒宽和长宽比无显著差异;2019-2020年,与NPK相比,有机肥处理增加了稻米蛋白质含量,而直链淀粉含量却呈降低趋势;2 a间,OF1、OF2、OF3、OF4蛋白质含量平均分别为8.99%,9.13%,9.08%,9.16%,较NPK分别增加0.54,0.68,0.63,0.71百分点;而OF1、OF2、OF3、OF4直链淀粉含量平均分别降低了0.20,0.64,0.69,0.38百分点;与NPK相比,有机肥施入初期可提高旱直播稻米光泽、味道、口感和食味评分值,但长期施用有机肥将导致旱直播稻米蒸煮食味品质变差;2019-2020年,NPK处理的稻米食味评分值平均为72.70,与NPK相比,OF1、OF2、OF3、OF4均不同程度地降低了稻米的香气、光泽、味道、口感和食味评分值,食味评分值分别降低5.53%,6.40%,3.71%,3.23%,但有机肥增加了稻米的完整性。综上,长期施用有机肥能改善旱直播稻米的加工品质和外观品质,提高营养品质,但不利于蒸煮食味品质的形成并且会降低直链淀粉含量。

In order to explore the changing law of dry direct-seeding rice quality under different organic fertilizer treatments,this experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2020.Longjing 31 was used as the test material.Treatments includes:zero fertilizer(N0),conventional fertilization(NPK),Biochar+conventional fertilization(OF1),seaweed bio-organic fertilizer+conventional fertilization(OF2),Jishiwang bio-organic fertilizer+conventional fertilization(OF3),attapulgite organic fertilizer+conventional fertilization(OF4).Changes in the processing quality,appearance quality,nutritional quality,and cooking and eating quality of dry direct-seeding rice were investigated.Compared with NPK,the head rice percentage of OF1,OF2,OF3,OF4 increased by 2.64,1.78,1.06,2.53 percentage points,respectively.The chalkiness degree of OF2 was the highest(1.82%),which was 0.11 percentage points higher than that of NPK.However,the chalkiness degree of OF1,OF3 and OF4 were lower than that of NPK,with an average decrease of 0.26,0.41,0.51 percentage points,respectively.There was no significant difference in grain length,grain width and length width ratio among the treatments.From 2019 to 2020,compared with NPK,organic fertilizer treatment increased protein content,but decreased amylose content;the protein contents of OF1,OF2,OF3 and OF4 were 8.99%,9.13%,9.08%and 9.16%respectively,which were 0.54,0.68,0.63,0.71 percentage points higher than those of NPK;the amylose content of OF1,OF2,OF3 and OF4 decreased by 0.20,0.64,0.69,0.38 percentage points,respectively;compared with NPK,the application of organic fertilizer at the initial stage could improve the luster,taste,flavor and taste value of dry-direct seeding rice,but long-term application of organic fertilizer would lead to poor cooking and eating quality;from 2019 to 2020,the average taste value of NPK treatment was 72.70,compared with NPK,OF1,OF2,OF3 and OF4 reduced the aroma,luster,taste,flavor and taste value of dry direct-seeding rice by 5.53%,6.40%,3.71%and 3.23%,respectively,but organic fertilizer increased the integrity of rice.In conclusion,long-term application of organic fertilizer can improve the processing quality,appearance quality and nutritional quality of dry direct-seeding rice,but it is not conducive to the formation of cooking and eating quality and reduce amylose content.