中、英、美地理学研究主题的进展与启示——基于三国地理学权威期刊2010—2020年刊文对比

Progress and Enlightment of Geography Research Themes in China,Britain and the United States:Comparison of Authoritative Journals of Geography in the Three Countries from 2010 to 2020

国际化和本土化是中国地理学当代发展重要的议题。平行对比中、英、美三国地理学的发展特征,有助于摆脱从西方视角下审视中国地理学发展的“偏见”,同时也有利于透析“西方”地理学内部的异质性、复杂性和多样性,总结中、英、美三国当前地理学的发展阶段,并溯源其发展历程,对于在国际知识交互和融合的过程中,保持、挖掘和凸显中国地理学发展特色,具有一定意义。文章分别对Journal of Geographical Sciences、Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers、Annals of the Association of American Geographers三本期刊在2010—2020年的文献进行分析,揭示三国地理学在近年来的知识演进、历史热点和主题脉络。研究发现:1)美国地理学自然与人文并重,近年来对于“自然—环境—人文—社会”要素的综合地理研究比较活跃;2)英国在人文地理研究上更为“专注”,特别是社会文化地理学的发展极具特色;3)中国则以自然地理和区域研究为主,人文地理学和地理信息科学呈后起之势。中国地理学和以英美为代表的“西方”地理学在过去几十年间有着深刻的知识交互和影响,同时也基于各自社会基础,形成了不同的发展特征。中国地理学需要抓住中国时代变迁的重大需求牵引,加深和强化中国地理学在理论和实践方面研究,实现各分支学科的多样化发展和研究范式的转型融合,在与全球同行的对话中,讲好“中国地理故事”、总结“中国地理经验”,展现“中国地理理论”。

Internationalization and localization are important issues in the development of contemporary Chinese geography.China's local geographical knowledge research has become a force that cannot be ignored in the world's geographical knowledge system.This paper hopes to reveal the heterogeneity,complexity and diversity of the development of geography in the three countries by comparing the development characteristics of geography in China,Britain and the United States.By the knowledge mapping tool CiteSpace,this paper analyzes the literature of Journal of Geographical Sciences,Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers and Annals of the Association of American Geographers from 2010 to 2020,revealing the knowledge evolution,historical hot spots and thematic context of geography in the three countries in recent years.The findings are as follows:1)American geography pays equal attention to both nature and humanity.In recent years,the comprehensive geographical research on the elements of"nature-environment-humanity-society"has been more active.It shows that American geography circle pays attention to the human-land contradiction and big politics of the world or other countries and regions on a large scale,as well as the human-land relationship and daily politics at the meso and micro scales.It pays attention to a wide range of topics,which are close to the hot spots and needs of American social development.2)British geography is more"focused"on the study of human geography.In particular,the development of sociocultural geography is very characteristic,and the tradition of political geography is still distinct.There are common issues with the development of American geography,such as climate change,ethnic minorities and segregation.In addition,British geography has paid more and more attention to the research on the relationship between man and nature this year,and has gradually formed the voice of integrating natural and human geography research.3)Chinese geography focuses on physical geography and regional research,which is different from the trend of American geography and British geography towards the research paradigm of"nature and human"integration.Human geography and geographic information science show rising trends,and the research area is mainly within China.Summarizing the development of geography research in the three countries is conducive to providing reference for the future research direction of Chinese geography and promoting the dialogue between China and world geography.Chinese geography needs to grasp the major demand traction of China's era change,deepen and strengthen the research of Chinese geography in theory and practice,and realize the diversified development of various branches and the transformation and integration of research paradigms.