教育旅游中的学习:回顾与展望

Learning in Educational Tourism:Retrospect and Prospect

旅游活动天然具有独特的教育价值,但旅游学术界对于教育旅游中的学习关注较晚,从教育学的角度来审视教育旅游活动中的学习规律和学习收获的文献并不多。随着自上而下政策推动的研学旅行活动日益普及,自下而上旅游和教育行业跨界融合的持续深入,教育旅游中的学习相关理论和实证研究亟待加强。鉴于此,文章基于教育学的视角,从教育旅游中的学习内涵、学习机制、学习收获及其影响因素等方面梳理了相关文献,总结出:(1)教育旅游中的学习是一种超出旅行活动本身,引发个体产生行为或行为潜能相对一致变化的过程;(2)研究者们主要从过程和情境/环境两个视角来解释教育旅游中的学习机制;(3)教育旅游中的学习收获可从认知、行为、情感3个维度进行衡量;(4)影响旅游中学习收获的因素主要有个体自身因素、旅游活动因素和旅游环境因素。在此基础上,针对当前研究的不足,文章提出关于教育旅游中的学习的研究展望,以期为进一步推动国内教育旅游中的学习相关理论研究和行业实践提供借鉴和启示。

Tourism activities naturally have unique educational value,but insufficient attentions were paid to the field of educational tourism,and even less literature were done to examine the educational law and learning effects of educational tourism activities from pedagogical perspective.With increasing popularity of the top-down policy driven study travel activities and continuous deepening of the bottom-up cross-border integration of tourism and education industry,theoretical and empirical researches on educational tourism needs to be strengthened.In view of this,this paper,based on the perspective of pedagogy,combed the relevant literature from the aspects of learning connotation,learning mechanism,learning gain and its influencing factors in educational tourism and summed:(1)learning in educational tourism is a process that goes beyond travel activities and leads to relatively consistent changes in individual behavior or behavior potential;(2)scholars mainly explain the learning mechanism in educational tourism from two aspects:learning process and environment/situation;(3)learning gains in educational tourism can be measured from three dimensions namely cognition,behavior and emotion;(4)there are three main factors affecting learning in tourism:individual factors,tourism activities and tourism environment factors.On this basis,this paper,aiming at the shortcomings of current research,put forward the prospect of study in tourism,hoping to provide some reference and enlightenment for further promoting the study related to domestic tourism.