广州人群尿液有机磷阻燃剂的暴露与健康风险

Urinary metabolites of organophosphorus flame retardants in Guangzhou population: Exposure and health risk

针对广州480名普通群众,利用尿液作为检测基质,研究人体内有机磷酸酯阻燃剂(OPFRs)代谢物的浓度水平,暴露的潜在来源,阐明其健康风险,并与其他包括邻苯二甲酸酯在内的多种有机污染物的健康风险对比筛选出高风险污染物.结果表明,广州居民体内普遍检出OPFRs代谢物,其平均浓度为6.59ng/mL,尤其是二-β,β-氯乙基磷酸,占总量的68.5%,是唯一检出率高于50%的OPFRs.OPFRs暴露水平受多因素影响,城区高于郊区,男性高于女性,短期内室内装修高于未装修,第三产业工作居民高于第一和第二产业,说明区域和性别以及生活和工作环境对OPFRs暴露有重要影响.非致癌健康风险评估发现,约25%的人群风险商高于1,存在非致癌健康风险,其健康风险与邻苯二甲酸酯相当.有41%的人群因OPFRs或邻苯二甲酸酯暴露存在非致癌风险,说明这2种污染物的暴露值得进一步关注.研究结果可为降低OPFRs污染物暴露带来的健康风险提供了数据基础.

This article was aimed at the 480 general population in Guangzhou, using urine as a test matrix to study the concentration levels of metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants(mOPFRs), the potential sources of exposure, and clarified their health risks. Among the co-exposure with other organic pollutants such as phthalates, we tried to identify the chemicals with the highest health risks. The results showed that the mOPFRs were detectable in Guangzhou residents overall, with an average concentration of 6.59 ng/mL. The bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate accounted for 68.5% of the total mOPFRs, and was the only mOPFR with detection frequency higher than 50%. A number of factors influenced the levels of mOPFRs. The urban areas had a higher level than the suburban areas, and the levels of mOPFRs in males were higher than those in females. Besides, more mOPFRs were detected in interior decoration than in undecorated areas in the short term, and the levels were higher in workers in the tertiary industry than in primary and secondary industries. Our results also observed a correlation between OPFR exposure levels and region, gender, living,and working environment. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment showed that approximately 25% of the population had a risk quotient higher than a unit, which suggested potential non-carcinogenic risks. The non-carcinogenic risks of phthalates were consistent with that calculated based on the data in the literature. There were 41.0% of the general population had a potential non-carcinogenic risk from exposure to OPFRs and phthalates, suggesting that we should pay more attention to these chemicals. Our current study provided data basis for reducing the health risks caused by these pollutants.