过敏性咳嗽患者过敏原检测及相关性分析

Allergen detection in patients with allergic coughand correlation analysis

目的探讨过敏性咳嗽患者过敏原检测及相关性分析,为指导患者治疗和预防过敏原提出治疗依据。方法选择2018年10月—2020年10月本院收治的82例过敏性咳嗽患者作为研究对象,针对吸入性过敏原和食入性过敏原采用点刺过敏原检验法进行过敏原实验,测定血清特异性免疫球蛋白E(slgE)水平。分析患者点刺阳性分布情况,分析尘螨类变应原阳性患者血清slgE检测结果以及尘螨类变应原阳性患者对应的slgE等级差异。结果在受试者中,76例(92.68%)患者为吸入性过敏原患者,78例(95.12%)患者为食入性过敏原患者,吸入性过敏原中粉尘螨、春季花粉、猫毛变应原阳性占比最高,分别为87.80%、85.37%、79.27%;食入性过敏原中虾、牛奶、鱼类变应原阳性占比最高,分别为85.37%、75.60%、48.72%。82例过敏性咳嗽患者中有21.95%患者仅对单一过敏原有阳性反应,15.82%的患者对两种过敏原有阳性反应,63.23%的患者对三种及以上过敏原呈阳性反应。过敏性咳嗽患者中72例患者血清slgE检测结果表明粉尘螨slgE阳性62例,阴性10例;屋尘螨slgE阳性64例,阴性8例。随着尘螨类变应原阳性级别升高,血清slgE水平阳性率随之升高。点刺过敏原分级与血清slgE分级存在正相关关系,点刺过敏原分级与血清slgE阳性率和分级之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论吸入性过敏原和食入性过敏原均是诱发过敏性咳嗽的因素,其中尘螨类是主要致敏原,点刺过敏原检验法和血清slgE可作为检测过敏性咳嗽患者过敏原的方法,且点刺过敏原检验法与slgE高度一致,点刺过敏原检验阳性级别越高,slgE级别越高。因此,患者应避免接触过敏原,降低过敏性咳嗽的发作次数,减轻临床症状。

Objective To explore the detection of allergens in patients with allergic coughand correlation analysis,and to provide treatment basis for guiding patients to treat and prevent allergens.Methods A total of 82 patients suffered with allergic cough those who were admitted to our hospital from October 2018 to October 2020 were selected as the objects of the study.The allergen test was performed for inhaled and ingestion allergens using the spot allergen test method,and the serum specific immunoglobulin E(slgE)level was determined.The distribution of positive results of spots allergen test in patients was analyzed,and the slgE test results in serum of dust mite allergen positive patients and the corresponding slgE grade differences in dust mite allergen positive patients were analyzed.Results Among the objects,76 patients(92.68%)were inhalant allergen positive patients,78 patients(95.12%)were ingestion allergen positive patients.Dust mite,spring pollen,and cat hair allergen were the top three inhalant allergen,accounting for 87.80%,85.37%,and 79.27%,respectively.Shrimp,milk and fish were the top three ingestion positive allergens,accounting for 85.37%,75.60%and 48.72%,respectively.Among the 82 patients suffering with allergic cough,21.95%present positive reaction to only one allergen,15.82%present positive reaction to two kinds of allergen,and 63.23%present positive reaction to three or more allergens.Among the 72 slgE positive patients with allergic cough,62 were slgE positive to dust mite and 10 were slgE negative to dust mite.64 patients were slgE positive to house dust mites and 8 were negative.The positive rate of serum slgE increased with the increase of dust mite allergen level.There was a positive correlation between the level of prick allergen and the level of serum slgE,and there were statistically significant differences between the level of prick allergen and the positive rate and level of serum slgE(P<0.05).Conclusions Inhaled allergens and ingestion allergens are all factors that induce allergic cough,and dust mites is the main trigger of allergens,the prick allergen test and serum slgE could be used for detecting allergens of allergic cough patients.The results of prick allergen test was highly corresponding to the results of slgE,the high the positive level of prick allergen test,the high the slgE level.Therefore,patients should avoid contact with allergens to reduce the frequency of allergic cough and relieve clinical symptoms.