数字农业的实践逻辑、现实挑战与推进策略

The operational logic,realistic challenges,and promotion strategies of digital agriculture

数字农业是我国数字中国战略、数字乡村战略的内在要求,也是实现我国农业现代化发展的必然趋势和正确选择。基于我国数字农业发展现状,结合典型案例阐释数字农业特有的实践逻辑,分析国情农情带来的现实挑战,探讨我国数字农业的推进策略。研究发现,数字农业的实践逻辑包括技术逻辑和应用逻辑。技术逻辑源于数字农业的技术特性,表现为由信息感知、算法赋能和精准执行三个方面各自具有且相互衔接构成的内在机制和技术体系;应用逻辑指数字技术在农业的生产、物流、营销、金融等环节和领域的各个场景的融合机制。然而,在我国的国情农情下更好更快实现数字农业发展,必须直面土地分散经营、小农排斥、效应陷阱、应用开发滞后和数据烟囱等带来的现实挑战。因此,应从加快推进土地适度规模经营、提升小农参与数字农业能力、注重数字农业建设成本的控制、加快数字农业软件应用的开发推广、加强数字农业建设统筹规划等方面进行着力进而加快我国数字农业的建设发展。

Digital agriculture is an internal requirement of China’s digital China strategy and digital countryside strategy.And it is also an inevitable trend and the right choice to realize the development of China’s agricultural modernization.Based on the current situation of digital agriculture development in China,this paper explains the unique operational logic of digital agriculture,analyzes the realistic challenges brought by the national agricultural situation,and discusses the promotion strategies of digital agriculture in China.Results find that the operational logic of digital agriculture includes technical logic and application logic.The technical logic is derived from the technical characteristics of digital agriculture,which is an internal mechanism and technical system composed of information perception,algorithm empowerment,and precise execution.However,the development of digital agriculture in China still faces some real challenges brought by fragmented land management,smallholder rejection,effect traps,lagging application development,and data chimney.To achieve better and faster development of digital agriculture in China,this paper suggests:to accelerate the appropriate scale of land management,to enhance the ability of small farmers to participate in digital agriculture,to focus on the control of digital agriculture construction costs,to accelerate the development and promotion of digital agriculture software applications,and to strengthen the overall planning of digital agriculture construction.