农村集体经济组织成员权界定主体:理论、现状与制度设计

The theory,status,and system design of delimiting the membership rights of rural collective economic organizations

界定集体经济组织成员权是落实农民土地承包权、宅基地资格权、集体收益分配权的前置性条件。当前,集体经济组织成员权界定的矛盾和纠纷较多,谁来界定集体经济组织成员权即集体经济组织成员权界定主体问题是定纷止争的关键所在。本文基于集体经济组织成员权界定主体问题的理论阐释,分析集体经济组织成员权界定主体的现状,提出了集体经济组织成员权界定主体的相关制度设计,并以广东省南海区为例实证集体经济组织成员权界定主体问题。研究表明,集体经济组织成员权界定主体问题需从集权与分权、内部规则与外部规则、国家法与习惯法、关系产权四个理论视角,深入分析界定前的现实、界定中的成本和界定后的效果。界定集体经济组织成员权需由国家及集体经济组织共同来完成。争议较大、带有普遍性、外部性很强的集体经济组织成员权界定问题由国家通过制定基本标准来界定,由于信息问题难以界定的或界定成本很高的问题由集体经济组织通过制定具体标准来界定。广东省南海区界定集体经济组织成员权的成功实践表明,国家及集体经济组织共同界定集体经济组织成员权是可行和有效的。

Delimiting the membership rights of rural collective economic organizations is a prerequisite for the implementation of farmland contract rights,homestead qualification rights,and collective income distribution rights.Currently,there are some contradictions and disputes about delimiting the membership rights of rural collective economic organizations,for example,who delimit the membership rights of rural collective economic organizations.Based on the theoretical interpretation of delimiting subjects and taking Nanhai District,Guangdong Province as an example,this paper analyzed the status of delimiting the membership rights of rural collective economic organizations and proposed a system design of delimiting the membership rights of rural collective economic organizations.Results show that delimiting the membership rights of rural collective economic organizations requires in-depth analysis of the reality before the delimitation,the cost during the delimitation,and the effects after the delimitation from four theoretical perspectives,including centralization and decentralization,inner rules and outer rules,national laws and customary laws,and relational property rights.The membership rights of rural collective economic organizations need to be delimitated by both the Government and collective economic organizations together.The Government oversees formulating the general standards to solve the problems of disputes,universality,and strong externality,while collective economic organizations are responsible for formulating specific standards to solve those problems with more difficulties and high costs.This system design was proved to be feasible and effective by the successful practice adopted by the Nanhai District,Guangdong Province.