农旅融合对粮食生产效率的异质性影响——基于124个地级市的实证检验

Heterogeneous impacts of agricultural tourism integration on grain production efficiency: Empirical test based on a sample of 124 prefecture-level cities in China

农旅融合是推进乡村振兴和深化供给侧结构性改革的重要内容和实施途径,同时也是影响地区耕地利用效率和农业生产方式的主要因素。本文以全国休闲农业与乡村旅游示范县为例,有效测度了我国农旅融合水平,利用2010—2017年124个地级市面板数据,采用固定效应模型和工具变量法,实证检验农旅融合对粮食生产效率的异质性影响。结果表明,我国农旅融合整体水平偏低,目前东部地区发展水平相对较高,但西部地区发展迅速。农旅融合对我国粮食生产效率的影响具有显著异质性。经济较发达地区粮食生产效率相对较高。粮食非主产区农旅融合通过提高农业固定资产投入和促进劳动力"回流"显著提升粮食生产效率,而粮食主产区乡村旅游发展对劳动力和耕地资源的"挤出效应"明显。山区农旅融合对劳动力流动和农村固定资产投资的促进作用比平原地区更加显著。因此,提出加大贫困山区休闲农业开发力度,优化粮食非主产区农业固定资产配置,提高经济较发达地区乡村旅游服务质量等政策建议。

The integration of agriculture and tourism is an important content and implementing approach for promoting rural revitalization and deepening supply-side structural reform.It is also a major factor affecting the efficiency of regional farmland and agricultural production methods.Based on a panel data of 124 prefecture-level cities from 2010 to 2017,this paper evaluated the level of integration of agriculture and tourism and analyzed the heterogeneous impacts of the integration of agriculture and tourism on grain production efficiency by the fixed effect models with instrumental variable.Results show that the overall level of integration of agriculture and tourism is relatively low in China.The current level of development is relatively high in the eastern region,but the western region is developing rapidly.It is significantly heterogeneous for the impacts of the integration of agriculture and tourism on China’s grain production efficiency.The efficiency of grain production is relatively high in economically developed regions.The integration of agriculture and tourism has significantly improved the efficiency of grain production by increasing the input of agricultural fixed assets and promoting the “return” of labor in non-major grain production areas,while the development of rural tourism has a significant “crowding effect” on labor and farmland resources in major grain production areas.The integration of agriculture and tourism with mountainous areas has more significant effects on labor mobility and rural fixed assets than those in the plain areas.In summary,this paper suggests increasing the development of leisure agriculture in impoverished mountainous areas,optimizing the allocation of agricultural fixed assets in non-main grain production areas,and improving the quality of rural tourism services in economically developed areas.