摘要
探明昆明市植烟土壤养分状况及时空变异特征,可为优质烟叶生产培肥管理提供参考依据.用GPS定位分别于2010年和2020年采集昆明市8个植烟县(区)烟田耕层(0~20 cm)土壤样品1146个和1149个,测定土壤pH,以及有机质、水解性氮、有效磷和速效钾质量比,通过多重比较分析各指标的变异情况,采用模糊数学原理对土壤养分适宜性进行评价.结果表明:现阶段昆明市植烟土壤pH、有机质、水解性氮、有效磷(以P2O5计)、速效钾(以K2O计)均值分别为6.03、32.55 g·kg^(-1)、122.68 mg·kg^(-1)、42.33 mg·kg^(-1)和312.49 mg·kg^(-1),变异系数分别为15.75%、48.69%、33.46%、80.98%和48.96%,pH为中等变异,且在微酸至中性等级比重较大,其他肥力指标变异较高,总体上属偏高和丰富水平.与2010年相比,10 a间(2010—2020年)全市土壤pH下降0.15,石林、晋宁、安宁和宜良县土壤p H降幅最大,分别降低0.37、0.22、0.19和0.17,富民、寻甸县无显著变化;全市土壤有机质、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾质量比分别增加1.87 g·kg^(-1)、7.21 mg·kg^(-1)、5.17 mg·kg^(-1)和53.05 mg·kg^(-1).2020年全市土壤适宜性指数IFI变幅为0.22~0.95,IFI均值较2010年降低0.03,年际间差异显著,寻甸、安宁、石林的土壤IFI较高,富民、禄劝、嵩明次之,晋宁和宜良IFI最低.研究区土壤有机质及速效氮、磷、钾具有明显的上升趋势,但土壤p H值略有降低,局部耕地酸化.生产上应进行区域性“减氮控磷”,施入酸化调理剂改良土壤.
Exploring the soil nutrient status and its variation characteristics of tobacco-growing soil in Kunming can provide scientific basis and guidance for rational management of quality tobacco production and fertilization.By GPS positioning,a total of 1146 and 1149 soil samples were collected from the plough layer(0~20 cm)of core tobacco fields in eight tobacco-growing counties of Kunming in 2010 and 2020,respectively.The soil pH and the contents of organic matter(SOM),hydrolyze nitrogen(N),available phosphorus(P,calculated with P2 O5)and available potassium(K,calculated with K_(2)O)were selected as analysis index.Nutrients variation characteristics and integrated feasibility index(IFI)were evaluated and analyzed based on multiple comparison and fuzzy mathematical principle.At present,soil pH,OM,N,P and K were 6.03,32.55 g·kg^(-1),122.68 mg/kg,42.33 mg/kg and 312.49 mg/kg,respectively.The coefficients of variation of them were 15.75%,48.69%,33.46%,80.98%and 48.96%,respectively,and the variation of pH was moderate,and other variations were high.Soil pH was generally at an appropriate level,but SOM,available N,P and K were on the high side.Compared to 2010,soil pH of Kunming was decreased by 0.15 units during the 10 years(2010—2020),and soil pH of Shilin,Jinning,Anning and Yiliang County was obviously decreased by 0.37,0.22,0.19 and 0.17 in 2020,respecyively.Meanwhile,Fumin and Xundian had no significant changes.Soil SOM,N,P and K increased by 1.87 g/kg,7.21 mg/kg,5.17 mg/kg and 53.05 mg/kg,respectively.In 2020,IFI of soil was ranged from 0.22 to 0.95,and the mean value of IFI was decreased by 0.03 compared with that of 2010,with significant inter-annual differences in 2010 and 2020.IFIs of Xundian,Anning and Shilin County soil were higher,followed by Fumin,Luquan and Songming,and Jinning and Yiliang were the lowest.The SOM,available N,P and K in the study area were increased gradually,and the overall soil fertility increased.Nevertheless,soil pH was decreased,and there was a trend of acidification.Therefore,nitrogen and phosphorus application should be strictly controlled and more attention should be paid to the improvement of acidified soil.
作者
李杰
徐兴阳
杨树明
余小芬
孙胜
刘海
钱发聪
邹炳礼
陈雅琼
邱学礼
LI Jie;XU Xing-yang;YANG Shu-ming;YU Xiao-fen;SUN Sheng;LIU Hai;QIAN Fa-cong;ZOU Bing-li;CHEN Ya-qiong;QIU Xue-li(Kunming Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Kunming 650051,Yunnan,China;Agricultural Resources&Environment Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,Yunnan,China;Hongyunhonghe Group of China Tobacco,Kunming 650231,Yunnan,China)
出处
《云南大学学报(自然科学版)》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期424-434,共11页
Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences Edition)
基金
中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划(2020530000241020)。
关键词
植烟土壤
土壤养分
适宜性指数
时空间变异
tobacco-planting soil
soil nutrient
integrated feasibility index
spatial variability