清代湘西苗疆边墙民族贸易探析

A Study on the Border Wall of Miao Area and the Ethnic Trade of Miao Areain West Hunan in the Qing Dynasty

民族贸易是清代湘西苗疆民族交往的重要方式和有效途径。清代湘西苗疆民族贸易历经“民间自发”向“国家在场”的转变,贸易时间、地点、内容、方式等均受到官府严格的管控。清代湘西苗疆民族贸易与苗疆边墙密切相关,带有深深的“边墙格局”的印记。一方面,民族贸易集场紧密围绕边墙分布;另一方面,在以集场交易为中心的民族贸易中,边墙与集场之间形成了一个特殊的“边墙-集场结构”。

Ethnic trade was an important,effective way of ethnic communication in the Miao area of West Hunan in the Qing Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, the Miao ethnic trade in western Hunan underwent a transformation from“ spontaneous folk” to“state presence”,and the time,place,content and mode of trade were all strictly controlled by the government. In the Qing Dynasty,the Miao ethnic trade in western Hunan was closely related to the Miao border wall,with a deep mark of“border wall pattern”. On the one hand,ethnic trade centers are closely distributed around the border wall. On the other hand,in the marketcentered ethnic trade,a special“wall-market structure”has been formed between the border wall and trading field.