等重论点诘难

A Study of Refuting the Equal Weight View

等重论点是对同辈分歧问题一个重要回应,该论点主张,当认知主体处在同辈分歧情况下时,主体需要重审自己的观点,并且赋予自己的观点及其认知同辈的观点同等权重。等重论点的支持者主要从认知公正和认知压力两方面对该论点进行了论证。然而,反对者从思辨的角度对等重论点进行了驳斥。思辨反驳主要有基于心理证据的证据惰性论证和证据不对称性论证。这类反驳虽有一些批驳力,然而却有自身的困境。实验哲学中的认知直觉的聚焦效应和风险效应,可以给等重论点有力的反驳。

As an important response to the problem of peer disagreement,the view of equal weight holds that when a cognitive agent is in a situation of peer disagreement,he should review his own opinions and give equal weight to his peers’opinions.Supporters of the Equal Weight View mainly demonstrate this argument from two aspects:cognitive justice and cognitive pressure.However,the opponents of this view refute it from a speculative perspective,including both evidence inertia argument and evidence asymmetry argument based on psychological evidence.Even though such refutations has some refuting forces,they have their own dilemmas.Finally,it is found that the focal effect and stake effect in experimental philosophy can give a strong refutation to the Equal Weight View.