论TRIPS义务的临时豁免在新冠预防和治疗中的适用

On the Application of Temporary Waiver from Certain TRIPS Provisions for the Prevention,Containment and Treatment of Covid-19

人们对新冠疫苗可及性的全球努力日益感到担忧,多国已向WTO提出豁免有关新冠病毒的预防、控制和治疗的知识产权的TRIPS条款义务。在实践中并不为全球公共卫生服务的TRIPS强制许可,程序繁琐,实施困难,无法应对疫情大流行危机。建立在传统价值链利益分配基础上的疫苗知识产权,阻碍疫苗获取和全球公平分配,碰触到生命健康底线,构成对人类卫生健康共同体的生存威胁,暴露出一系列功能危机。临时豁免TRIPS义务在新冠预防和治疗中的适用是人类应对疫情共同威胁的应然选择,从价值普适性、制度有效性和现实紧迫性来说都是正当的和必要的。TRIPS义务临时豁免,可以为实现发展中国家在公共健康领域的正义诉求提供及时有效的法律保障。为了推进豁免谈判,发展中国家应该建立联盟,确立以“公共健康”为核心的谈判框架并明确目标条款,同时,促进协作创新战略发展,提高药品制造能力,以便更好地应对流行病风险。

In view of the increasing concerns over global efforts in equitable access to affordable COVID-19 vaccines,many countries have put forward a proposal on temporary waiver from certain TRIPS provisions for the prevention,containment and treatment of Covid-19.The compulsory licensing under TRIPS,which does not serve global public health in practice,is unable to cope with the epidemic crisis due to its tediousness in procedure and difficulties in implementation.The IPR over vaccines based on the interest distribution of traditional value chains have hindered the access to vaccines and equitable distribution in the globe,thus challenges the bottom line of life and health and constitutes a life threat to community of hygiene and health for mankind,exposing a series of functional crises.The application of temporary waiver from certain TRIPS provisions is a natural choice of human beings to cope with common threats,being legitimate and necessary in terms of value universality,institutional effectiveness and practical urgency.The temporary waiver from certain TRIPS provisions can provide timely and effective legal support for developing countries to realize their fair claims in the field of public health.In order to advance the negotiation on the waiver from certain TRIPS provisions,developing countries should form a coalition and establish a negotiating framework with"public health"at its core and clarify objective clauses,and at the same time,promote collaborative and innovative strategy development and improve pharmaceutical manufacturingcapacityso as to better respond to epidemic risks.