外逃人员认罪认罚量刑减让规则研究

Lenient Sentencing Rules for Overseas Fugitives Who Admit Guilt and Accept Punishment

认罪认罚从宽制度的确立,将对外逃人员量刑减让规则造成一定影响,原先"主动从轻—被动从重"的两极化处遇模式,将逐步演化为"投案最轻—缉捕次之—抵抗归案最重"的三梯度量刑模式。为完成外逃人员刑罚裁量规范化、精细化改造,进一步鼓励外逃人员主动回国投案,在对外逃人员适用认罪认罚从宽制度时,应区分类型,构建阶梯式的量刑减让规则,着重考察外逃人员认罪认罚对特殊预防必要性和积极一般预防必要性的减少,用"惩罚概率提升幅度"替代"节约司法成本"作为判断外逃人员认罪认罚是否与自首重复评价的关键,吸纳"归案方式"作为考察外逃人员认罪认罚是否真诚悔罪的因素。

The establishment of the system on lenient sentences based on admitting guilt and accepting punishment(hereinafter referred to AGAP system) enjoys a certain impact on the lenient sentencing rules for fugitives who fled overseas. The former polarized treatment model of "lighter sentence based on activeness-heavier sentence based on passiveness" is going to gradually evolve into a three-tier sentencing model of "lightest sentence for surrendered criminals-second lightest sentence for hunted criminals-heaviest sentence for resisting criminals". In order to complete the reform of normalizing and refining the criminal sentence for overseas fugitives, and to further encourage them to voluntarily return to China and hand themselves in, when applying the AGAP system to overseas fugitives, we should construct a tiered lenient sentencing rule on basis of distinguished types, focus the examination on the reduction of necessities for special prevention and active general prevention caused by an oversea fugitive’s AGAP, replace "saved judicial cost" with "increased probability of punishment" as the key to decide whether an oversea fugitive’s AGAP has already been evaluated in surrender system,and adopt "the way how an oversea fugitive be put under judicial proceedings" as one factor to decide whether his/her AGAP is based on genuine remorse.