大同南郊遗址出土石雕方砚的情境化研究

On The Contextualization of the Stone-Carved Square Inkstone Excavated at Datong South Suburban Bearings Plant Site

大同市南郊轴承厂遗址出土的石雕方砚,纹饰繁复,制作精巧,是北魏平城时期物质文化的代表作。本文通过考察石雕方砚的器形和纹饰,推断其制作年代为北魏太和年间,其装饰纹样综合了汉地、域外和佛教元素,体现了文化融合的特征。不同于魏晋南北朝时期墓葬出土的四足方砚,此件石雕方砚并非明器,其出土地大同轴承厂遗址是北魏平城时期一处有一定规模且等级较高的建筑,且不排除舍宅为佛寺的可能。基于相关图像资料,作者对砚台与书写者和家具的互动关系进行分析,指出石雕方砚的四足造型便于移动,与魏晋南北朝时期的书写习惯相契合。

The square inkstone with delicate decoration and artistic craftsmanship excavated at Datong South Suburban Bearings Plant Site is among the masterpieces of tangible works of Pingcheng period of the Northern-Wei dynasty.It was the product of the Taihe period of the Northern-Wei dynasty by shape and motif representing the characteristics of cultural fusion with Han,western and Buddhist elements.Different from the square four-legged inkstones buried in the tombs of the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,this inkstone was archaeologically discovered in the ruins where there used to be the high-class building or something like a temple during Pingcheng period of the Northern-Wei dynasty.The analysis based on images and literatures focuses on the interaction between the inkstone and its users and the furniture items,judging that the four-legged inkstone is of conveniently portable and movable design fit for the user’writing manner of the Wei,Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties.