家庭背景对高中学生高考科目选择的影响——基于浙江省的调查研究

The Influence of Family Background on The Subjects’Selection of High School Students for National College Entrance Examination——An Investigation based on Zhejiang Province

基于2019年针对浙江全省范围内的代表性抽样调查数据,使用不同的计量方法,从城乡背景、经济背景、教育背景和职业背景四个方面分析家庭背景对高中学生高考选科的影响。结果表明:第一,在各门选考科目中,选择物理的学生比例最低。第二,三分之二的学生选择了文理交叉的科目组合。第三,城市家庭和父母受教育水平较高的学生具有更强的理科偏好,更倾向于选择理科组合和物理、化学、生物等理科科目;农村家庭和父母受教育水平较低的学生则具有更强的文科偏好,更倾向于选择文科组合和政治、历史、地理等文科科目。建议进一步加强和完善物理选考科目保障机制,通过各种渠道加大对新高考政策的宣传,在指导学生选择高考科目时对于农村家庭和父母教育水平较低的学生给予更多关注;同时国家和教育考试部门应认真研究取消文理分科后相关试卷的命题难度和内容,以及不同选考科目加权赋分的可比性,并引导高中学校开展学生生涯规划教育,切实抓好学考科目的教学质量,以全面提高学生的科学素养和人文素养。

Based on the representative sampling survey data of Zhejiang Province in 2019,this paper described the situation of the subjects’selection of high school students for the National College Entrance Examination(NCEE).We used different measurement methods to analyze the influence of family background on the subjects’selection of high school students for the NCEE from four aspects:urban and rural background,economic background,educational background,and professional background.The main conclusions are as follows:first,the proportion of students who select physics is the lowest among all subjects.Second,two-thirds of the students choose a cross-subject combination of science and liberal arts.Third,the students from urban families and whose parents have higher educational levels have a stronger preference for science and are more likely to select a science combination and science subjects such as physics,chemistry,and biology.On the contrary,the students from rural families and whose parents have lower educational level have a stronger preference for liberal arts and are more likely to select a liberal-arts-combination and liberal arts subjects such as politics,history,and geography.We suggest that the local government and educational administrative department should further strengthen and improve the guarantee mechanism on the subject’s selection of physics,increase the publicity of the new NCEE policy through various channels.When guiding the students to select subjects for the new NCEE,we should pay more attention to the students from rural families and whose parents have lower education levels.At the same time,the government and the education examination department should seriously study the difficulty and content of the proposition of the relevant examination papers after the cancelation of the liberal arts and sciences division,as well as the comparability of the weighted scores of different selected subjects,and guide the high school to carry out the education of students’career planning,and earnestly grasp the teaching quality of the subjects of academic level examination,to improve the students’scientific literacy and humanistic literacy in an all-round way.