不同选育方法对北京油鸡趾数性状育种效果的影响

The Breeding Effect Study on Toe Number Trait with Different Selection Methods in Beijing You Chickens

为研究不同选育方法对北京油鸡趾数性状的育种效果,选择两个北京油鸡群体,分别对应五趾性状的分子选育和表型选育,同时以随机选育的保种群作为对照,比较了三个群体趾数类型的差异。结果发现,分子选育和表型选育,全群中双侧五趾个体比例分别达到92.59%和81.77%,比随机选育提升了13.99%和3.17%,分子选育的育种效果更明显。分子选育群中双侧多趾类型占全群比例累计达到了95.20%,极显著高于其它两个群体(P<0.01);并且在双侧多趾类型中,双侧五趾个体占比提高(P<0.01),而单五单六和双侧六趾个体的占比显著降低(P<0.05)。结果表明,鸡2号染色体rs80659072位点作为北京油鸡五趾性状遗传标记进行应用,育种效果显著。相比表型选育而言,分子选育可快速提升双侧五趾类型的比例,有助于降低六趾个体比例,提升趾数的一致性。

To investigate the breeding effect on toe number trait with different selection methods in Beijing You chicken(BJY),two BJY populations selected for five toe with marker-assisted selection(MAS)and phenotype selection(PS)respectively were studied,and the randomly selected(RS)reservation population was used as the control.Toe number types of birds from these three populations were compared.The results showed that birds with five toes on both feet were 92.59%and 81.77%in MAS and PS population respectively,which were 13.99 and 3.17 percentage higher than that of RS population,indicating a more significant breeding effect of MAS.Birds with bilateral polydactyly accounted for 95.20%in MAS population,significantly higher than those in the other two populations(P<0.01).Additionally,among the bilaterally plolydactyly toe-type,the ratio of individuals with bilateral five-toe increased,while those with five-toe on one side and six-toe on the other side or six toes on both feet significantly decreased(P<0.05)in the MAS population.The results indicated that the breeding effect was remarkable with the site rs80659072 on chicken chromosome 2 as the genetic marker for five-toe in BJY.Contrasting to PS,MAS could improve the proportion of bilaterally five-toe type quickly,and it helped to reduce the percentage of six-toe individuals and improved the uniformity of toe type.