互补还是替代?--技术引进、自主创新与涉农企业科技成果转化效率

Complementary or Alternative?:Technology Introduction, Independent Innovation and Transformation Efficiency of Scientific and Technological Achievements of Agricultural Enterprises

以2009—2017年中国涉农企业为样本,在测算涉农企业科技成果转化效率的基础上,实证检验技术引进与自主创新对涉农企业科技成果转化效率的影响及其相互关系。研究发现:(1)自主创新与涉农企业科技成果转化效率之间存在倒"U"型关系,且2012年实施的国家自主创新战略对涉农企业自主创新能力有明显的促进作用;(2)技术引进与涉农企业科技成果转化效率呈现非线性影响,存在以自主创新为门槛的倒"U"型门槛效应;(3)在涉农企业科技成果转化活动中,技术引进与自主创新呈现互补效应,且互补效应在2012年国家自主创新战略实施后变得更为显著;(4)国有涉农企业自主创新倒"U"的转折点大于非国有涉农企业自主创新倒"U"的转折点,能享受更多自主创新带来的红利,但国有企业技术引进与自主创新的互补效应不显著;(5)战略性新兴产业涉农企业自主创新倒"U"的转折点小于传统行业涉农企业自主创新倒"U"的转折点,自主创新为其带来的红利期较短,同时单纯技术引进对战略性新兴产业涉农企业会带来负面影响。

Taking China’s agricultural enterprises as a sample from 2009 to 2017, on the basis of measuring the transformation efficiency of agricultural enterprises’ scientific and technological achievements, this study empirically test the influence of technology introduction and independent innovation on the transformation efficiency of agricultural enterprises’ scientific and technological achievements and their relationship. The study found that:(1)There is an inverted U-shaped relationship betweenindependent innovation and the transformation efficiency of agricultural enterprises’ scientific and technological achievements, and the national independent innovation strategy implemented in 2012 has a significant role in promoting independent innovation capabilities of agricultural enterprises.(2) The introduction of technology and the efficiency of transformation of scientific and technological achievements of agricultural-related enterprises present a nonlinear effect, and there is an inverted "U"-shaped threshold effect with the independent innovation as the threshold.(3) In the transformation activities of scientific and technological achievements of agricultural-related enterprises, technology introduction and independent innovation showed a complementary effect, and the complementary effect became more significant after the implementation of the national independent innovation strategy in 2012.(4) The turning point of independent innovation of state-owned agricultural enterprises is greater than the turning point of independent innovation of non-state-owned agricultural enterprises, and they enjoy more dividends brought by independent innovation, but the complementary effect of state-owned enterprises’ technology introduction and independent innovation is not significant.(5) The turning point of independent innovation of agricultural enterprises in strategic emerging industries is smaller than the turning point of independent innovation of agricultural enterprises in traditional industries, and the dividend period is relatively short, at the same time, the introduction of pure technology will have a negative impact on agricultural enterprises in strategic emerging industries.