跨学科研究的范式解析:理解情报学术中的“范式”

Connotations of Interdisciplinarity from the Perspective of Paradigms:Towards“Paradigms”in Information Science Research and Practices

[目的/意义]跨学科研究能从知识和组织上摆脱单一学科桎梏,创造性地解决自然环境和人类社会复杂问题。然而,目前情报学中对于跨学科性的研究大多局限在度量指标方面,鲜有研究从概念和理论层面进行归纳、梳理和阐释。文章从范式的角度理解跨学科性的内涵,以期在理论上弥补现有跨学科性研究的不足。[方法/过程]先对范式的概念进行梳理,从分化、同化和消融三个角度理解范式转变的过程,并归纳梳理范式的特性。随后,定义跨学科性的概念与内涵,并从知识重组与创新、学科建构与解构的视角理解跨学科性与范式之间的联系。[结果/结论]从知识重组与创新的视角看,跨学科研究是范式同化、范式分化和元范式等概念的重要体现;从学科建构与解构的视角看,支撑跨学科研究的机制即是对原有学科范式进行“破旧立新”。情报“道”未变,“术”“典”有专攻,范式宜入境,事业常为新。

[Purpose/significance]Interdisciplinary studies are beneficial to resolve complicated natural,environmental,and societal issues by improving unidisciplinarity from both knowledge and organization sides.Yet,extant studies regarding interdisciplinarity tended to focus on measurements of interdisciplinarity;little has been known about the conceptual and theoretical sides of interdisciplinarity in Information Science.This paper understands the connotations of interdisciplinarity from the perspective of paradigms;this is to fill in the gap of the theoretical underpinning of interdisciplinarity in Information Science.[Method/process]This paper summarizes different perspectives regarding concepts of interdisciplinarity,understands the process of paradigm shift from three different aspects,namely differentiation,assimilation,and disappearance of paradigms,and examines the characteristics of paradigms.We also define the concepts and connotations of interdisciplinarity and investigate interdisciplinarity from two distinct yet related perspectives:(1)knowledge recombination and novelty,and(2)construction and destruction of disciplines.[Result/conclusion]From the perspective of knowledge recombination and novelty,interdisciplinary studies are typical reifications of paradigm differentiation,paradigm assimilation,and meta-paradigm.From the perspective of construction and destruction of disciplines,interdisciplinary studies are driven by“creative destructions”of existing science(disciplines)and by forming new scholarly consensuses.These inspire Information Science that whilst methods and rules may change over time,the doctrine of Information Science does not change,and that understanding paradigms helps move Information Science forward.