1类葡萄糖转运体家族蛋白与2型糖尿病相关的研究进展

Class 1 glucose transporter(GLUT) and their role in type 2 diabetes

葡萄糖是机体的主要能量来源,而葡萄糖转运体(glucose transporter, GLUT)是介导葡萄糖进入细胞内的一类跨膜蛋白家族,目前已发现并鉴定了14种不同的GLUT,它们在不同组织细胞中具有不同的表达水平和功能,并参与调控组织细胞摄取葡萄糖的过程。越来越多的研究发现,GLUT的表达水平下降和功能丧失可降低组织细胞对血液葡萄糖的摄取和利用,导致血糖升高和胰岛素抵抗,形成2型糖尿病。本文主要围绕1类葡萄糖转运体GLUT1–4蛋白的结构、结构与功能关系及其与2型糖尿病的关系进行综述,旨在为2型糖尿病临床治疗方案的探索提供新的方向。

Glucose is the most fundamental and important energy source in organism. Glucose transporter(GLUT) are a family of trans-membrane proteins which play a crucial role in the intake process of glucose.Untill now, 14 different sub-types of GLUT have been discovered and confirmed, and they distribute among varieties of tissues and participates in regulating uptake of glucose in tissues and cells. Recently, more and more research has demonstrated the decrease of GLUT expression and loss of function could impair glucose utility in tissue and cells and cause increase of blood glucose level and insulin resistance, which leads to type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this review focuses on structures of GLUT1–4 of class 1 GLUT, functions and their relationship between the onset of type 2 diabetes, aiming to provide a novel therapeutic target for the clinic treatment of type 2 diabetes.