新型网络犯罪的防范与治理

A Study on the Prevention and Governance of New Types of Cybercrime

当前网络犯罪已发展为庞大的犯罪生态系统,新型网络犯罪为其他网络犯罪提供支持,加重了网络犯罪的危害。新型网络犯罪具有独立性、黑灰产化、微犯罪化、主体作用化等特性,以保护法益为本位的网络犯罪治理体系不适应以上特性,侵犯计算机信息系统安全犯罪立法、传统犯罪立法和侵犯个人信息犯罪立法基本上不能处罚新型网络犯罪,妨害信息网络安全管理秩序犯罪立法的适用存在争议,其部分规定也存在不足,影响其打击新型网络犯罪的效果。只依靠事后的刑法打击不能遏制新型网络犯罪,必须建立起有针对性的、系统化的犯罪预防与治理体系,坚持犯罪生态治理和系统化治理原则,完善相关犯罪立法,协调好行政执法和刑事司法的关系,监督网络服务提供者依法严格履行协助管理义务,实现对新型网络犯罪的共治共管。

Cybercrime has developed into a huge crime ecosystem.New types of cybercrimes provide support for other cybercrimes and aggravate their harm.The new types of cybercrimes have the characteristics of independence,black and gray industrialization,micro-criminalization and enhancement of the role of the subject.The governance system against cybercrime based on the protection of legal interests does not adapt to the above characteristics.The new types of cybercrimes cannot be punished based on the legislation on the crimes of infringing the security of computer information system,the legislation on the traditional crime and the legislation on the crime of infringing personal information.It is still controversial whether the legislation on the crimes of obstructing the security management order of information network can be applied.However,even if they can apply,some of the provisions are insufficient,which affect the effect of combating new network crime.Relying only on the criminal law after the crimes happen cannot curb new types of cybercrime.We must establish a targeted and systematic crime prevention and governance system,adhere to the principles of ecological and systematic governance against cybercrimes,improve relevant crime legislation,coordinate the relationship between administrative law enforcement and criminal justice,and supervise network service providers to strictly fulfill their obligations of assistance and management according to law,so as to realize the co-governance and co-management against new network crimes.