水母蜇伤的皮肤毒性与免疫反应研究进展

Research progress in cutaneous toxicity reactions and immune response of jellyfish stings

水母蜇伤是最常见的海洋生物伤之一。水母毒性强,蜇伤后危害大,给患者带来巨大痛苦。皮肤症状是患者蜇伤早期最显著的表现,皮损从红斑、丘疹、风团到水疱、溃疡、坏死,轻重各不相同。免疫系统参与其中会导致持续性、复发性、瘙痒性皮炎,甚至会引发严重的血管性水肿和过敏性休克。由于水母毒素成分多样,致病机制复杂,目前有关水母蜇伤的皮肤毒性和免疫反应机制研究和认识不足,缺乏针对性的治疗药物。本研究主要对水母蜇伤的皮肤毒性及免疫反应的相关研究进展进行综述,旨在为进一步筛选和研制水母蜇伤的新型高效治疗药物提供思路和依据。

Jellyfish stings are the most commonly⁃seen marine life injuries.Due to serious toxicity,jellyfish stings bring about great pains and harms to victimts.Skin symptoms are the most significant early manifestations of patients with jellyfish stings,and the severity of skin lesions varies greatly from erythema,papules,wheal to blisters,ulcers and necrosis.The affected immune system could result in persistent,recurrent,pruritus dermatitis,and even severe angioedema and anaphylactic shock.Due to diversity of jellyfish venoms and complex pathogenic mechanisms involved,the current understanding and research of cutaneous toxicity and immune re⁃sponse of jellyfish stings are obviously insufficient,and targeted therapeutic drugs are also insufficient.This artile makes a comprehen⁃sive review of the research progress in the mechanism,skin symptoms,cutaneous toxicity and immune response of jellyfish stings,the aim of which is to provide ideas and evidences for further screening and development of new and highly effective therapeutic drugs for jellyfish sting injuries.