网络空间技术标准建设及其对国际宏观规则制定的启示

Cyberspace Technology Standards Construction and Its Implication on the Macroscopic Rule-Making in Global Cyberspace

在网络空间全球治理体系下,网络空间宏观规则建设面临一系列困难,表现为既有网络空间国际规则执行力与约束力较为有限,相关治理机制出现分化。各国在网络空间治理理念与模式上的差异,乃至东西方地缘政治与权力冲突是网络规则构建陷入困境的重要原因。网络空间全球产业链的整体性、非国家行为体主导互联网核心资源,以及网络空间自身虚拟属性保证了各方推进构建统一的网络空间国际标准体系。制定国际标准的利益攸关方拥有丰富的经验,在紧密围绕前沿技术开展标准建设的过程中,相关国际组织形成了成熟的管理模式,组织间能够建立起高效的协作机制,并从供给与需求的角度解读利益攸关方概念,这都为网络空间宏观规则制定走出现有困境提供有益的借鉴与启示。

Rule-making in global cyberspace governance faces two major challenges.The first is the weak binding force and execution of the current rules.The second is the fragmentation of the existing governance mechanisms.The main reason for the rule-making dilemma lies in that some dominant states hold different concepts and models on cyberspace governance.The fundamental reason is the geopolitical and power competition between the East and the West.Nevertheless,the cyberspace standards-making system tends to be unified due to the integrity of the global internet industry value chain,the predominance of non-state actors who possess core cyberspace resources,and cyberspace’s virtual characteristics.This article shows that stakeholders participate in technology standards construction with extensive experience.When focusing on the frontier cyber tech standards,relevant international organizations have formed advanced management mechanisms and cultivated effective collaborative regimes among themselves.In addition,international organizations define and interpret the concepts of stakeholders from the perspective of supply and demand.Therefore,this article suggests that cyber technology standards construction can provide important implications for general rule-making and regulation in cyberspace governance.