1Zimmerman C. The development of scientic thinking skills in elementary and middle school[J].Developmental Review. 2007, 27:172.
2Inhelder B, Piaget J. The growth of logical thinking from childhood to adolescence[M]. New York: Basic, 1958.
3Baker J J W, Allen G E. The study of biology [M]. 3rd ed. Menlo Park, CA: Addison Wesley, 1977: 97.
4Devries R. Relationships among piagetian, IQ and achievement assessments[J]. Child Development. 1974, 41(3) :759.
5Lawson A E. The development and validation of a classroom test of formal reasoning [J].Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 1978, 15(1) : 11.
6Anton E, Lawson H A R K. Development of correlational reasoning in secondary schools., do biology courses make a difference?[J]. The American Biology Teacher. 1979, 41(7): 420.
7Lawson A E, Alkhoury S, Benford R, et al. What kinds of scientific concepts exist? Concept construction and intellectual development in college biology[J].Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 2000, 37(9) : 996.
8Benford R, Lawson A E. Relationships between effective inquiry use and the development of scientific reasoning skills in college biology labs [M]. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) Accession, 2001.
9Lawson A E, Johnson M. The validity of Kolb learning styles and Neo-Piagetian developmental levels in CollegeBiology[J].Studies in Higher Education,2002,27(1) :79.
10Cavallo A M L. Meaningful learning, reasoning ability, and students' understanding and problem solving of topics in genetics [J]. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1996, 33: 625.