以国家说民族:范文澜关于汉民族形成思想的特色

Putting Nation in Perspective of State:Fan Wen-lan’s Thinking on Han People’s Coming of Age

根据斯大林的理论,民族是在资本主义上升时代所形成的一个历史范畴。范文澜在马克思主义史学体系里论证中国自秦汉时起就是中央集权的统一国家、汉族是"在独特的社会条件下形成的独特的民族",具有相当的难度。然而若在更宽泛的思想语境中理解,一字双关的"nation"在译成中文后因社会实践中的"在地化"而演化为各种具体的内容,不复为一个具有普遍意义的抽象概念。范文澜以重塑的方式唤醒过去,却也让民族国家突破了"现代"的范围。故民族、国家和民族国家概念的在地动态变化,以及中国被侵略和反侵略的时代背景,是理解范文澜"以国家说民族"论述特色的要素。

According to Stalin’s theory,a nation is a historical category formed in the era of rising capitalism.Fan Wenlan argues from the perspective of Marxist historiography system that China has been a unified nation with a centralized system since the Qin and Han dynasties,and the Han people is a unique nation coming of age under unique and tough social conditions.However,if understood in a broad intellectual context,the word"nation"may become ambiguous with more than one definition when translated into Chinese.Fan Wenlan recalls the past by reshaping the concept of nation,thus allowing our understanding of the nation-state to go beyond the scope of modernity.Therefore,essential to our understanding of Fan Wenlan’s thinking of nation in the perspective of the state are Chinese understanding of such concepts as nation,state and nationstate,and the background of China’s being invaded and resisting against invasions.