基于能力需求匹配模型的老年图标设计

Icon Designing Based on Ability Demand Matching Model for the Elderly

目的现有图标语义与设计元素之间通常缺乏明确的对应关系,导致老年用户在辨识图标语义时常因心智能力不足而遇到困难,需要平衡老年用户图标辨识能力与产品施加给用户的挑战之间的关系,并搭建设计师与用户之间的沟通桥梁。方法前期以心流理论和能力需求匹配梯度模型为基础,将家电图标按照认知方式进行分类收集。后期进行老年语义认知能力评估测试,具体阐述用户能力与图标认知效率的联系。结果建立老年认知能力需求匹配梯度,通过洗衣机“手洗模式”图标设计,对该梯度的有效性进行验证。结论在设计多样性的要求下,在图标设计时可优先选择能力余裕范围,适度选择能力适配范围,避免选择用户能力不足范围,从而为老年人提供更多元的设计选择。

There is a lack of clear correspondence between the existing icon semantics and design elements,which leads to the difficulty for elderly users in identifying icon semantics due to their lack of mental ability.To balance the“ability”of icon identification of elderly users and the“challenge”imposed by the product,and to build a bridge of icon identification and communication between designers and elderly users,and,based on the flow theory and the ability and demand matching gradient model,household appliance icons were classified and collected according to the cognitive mode.In the later stage,the semantic cognitive ability evaluation test was carried out for elderly users,and the relationship between user ability and icon cognitive efficiency was elaborated.An“ability-demand”matching gradient model is constructed for elderly users,and the effectiveness of the gradient is verified by the icon design evaluation of“hand wash mode”of a washing machine.With the requirement of design diversity,excess region of actual capacity can be selected preferentially in icon designing.A proper preference of in-capacity regions provides the elderly with more diverse designing options.Inadequate region should be avoided.