国家安全视阈下语言问题新表征:语言恐怖主义的缘起、识别与应对

New representation of linguistic issue in the context of national security:Origin,identification and solution of linguistic terrorism

语言文字不仅是文化资源、经济资源,也是安全资源、战略资源,是国家主权、国家安全的重要支撑,在国家安全维护中占据重要地位。语言恐怖主义与语言歧视、语言暴力、语言意识形态等涉及国家文化与意识形态安全的要素紧密相关,然而国内学界鲜有对相关话题展开探讨。对国外语言恐怖主义相关研究进行梳理与回顾可以为国家安全中的语言问题表征提供补充,加深社会各界对语言与文化安全的认识,推进防范语言与文化安全风险的思考与实际举措。本文首先追溯了语言恐怖主义概念的提出与发展历程,发现了语言恐怖主义概念从语言本体到语言使用、从国内社会到国际社会的聚焦转向;其次,在汇总语言恐怖主义具体实践方式的基础上谈及语言恐怖主义的识别与危害;最后,本文认为应对语言恐怖主义主要可以从如下三个方面着手:着力提升和完善国家语言能力建设,不断加强与改进国家国际传播能力建设,积极培养和提升国民批评语言意识。

Language and writing system are not only cultural and economic resources, but also serve as security and strategic resources that lay great foundation for national security and play significant roles in the maintenance of national security. Linguistic terrorism is strongly correlated with elements that concerns cultural and ideological security including linguistic discrimination and linguistic violence. Nevertheless, few attention has been paid to this area and related research from domestic scholars. Making a review of linguistic terrorism and its related research could provide supplements to the representation of the linguistic problems in national security, deepen the understanding of linguistic and cultural security among the world, and facilitate the reflections and actions upon the prevention of linguistic and cultural security. This paper first reviews the origin and development of linguistic terrorism, detecting the transition of the focus of this conception:from language selection to language use, from domestic society to international community. Next, on the basis of summarizing the enactment of linguistic terrorism, this paper discusses the identification and influence of linguistic terrorism. Finally, this paper emphasizes three aspects which are crucial in combating linguistic terrorism: Improving national language capacity, promoting the country’s international communication and cultivating critical language awareness.