坚守与改变的诗学意蕴——霍夫曼斯塔尔戏剧《厄勒克特拉》的象征性艺术

The poetic implication of persistence and transformation:The symbolic art of Hofmannsthal’s Electra

奥地利维也纳现代派最杰出的诗人胡戈·封·霍夫曼斯塔尔既是西方传统文化的继承者,也是20世纪新文学的开拓者。他毕生的创作大都徘徊于对传统文学的坚守与改变的矛盾之中。因此,坚守与改变这一对核心概念既反映在他的诗学思想和艺术作品里,也鲜明地表现在他的生活体验与生命哲学当中。他的著名戏剧《厄勒克特拉》便是表现两者之间矛盾冲突的典型之作。本文以这部古希腊同名悲剧为分析对象,尝试探讨诗人在继承古典戏剧传统基础上艺术创新的美学思考,同时通过分析剧中人物特定的象征性寓意,阐述诗人自身的思想矛盾状态及其在新旧交替时代的普遍意义。

As one of the most outstanding representatives of Vienna’s modernism, Hofmannsthal is not only the successor of Western cultural tradition, but also the pioneer of new literature in the 20 th century. Most of his creations wandered in the contradiction between persistence and transformation of traditional literature. Therefore, the two core concepts of persistence and transformation are not only reflected in his life experience and philosophy, but also clearly reflected in his poetic thoughts and artistic works. His play Electra is a typical work showing the conflicts between the two. Taking this ancient Greek tragedy of the same name as the object of analysis, this article attempts to explore the poet’s aesthetic thinking on artistic innovation based on the tradition of the classical drama tradition. At the same time, by analyzing the specific symbolic meanings of the characters in the play, this article expounds the poet’s own state of ideological contradiction and its universal significance reflected in the era of the alternation of the old and the new.