从统治到治理——智能社会新型技治主义的问题与出路

From Government to Governance:The Problem and the Way Out of the New Technocracy in the Intelligent Society

不同于以往专家和政府主导的统治思路,在智能社会的新型技治主义中,以谷歌和脸书为代表的企业主体借助大数据等信息和通讯技术的掌控,意图获得唯一决策者的统治地位,造成了经济、政治乃至社会层面的诸多不良影响,亟需加以治理。鉴于技治主义建基其上的科学实在论不再适应当下科学、技术与社会关联交杂的现实,从科学实践哲学视角出发的科学治理成为一条启发性思路。这一思路坚持实践本体论,注重建立异质行动者之间的同盟与合作关系,兼具治理科技自身和治理科技与社会的双重内涵,在技科学流行的当下有助于促进智能社会的良序运行。

Different from the previous ruling ideas led by experts and the government, in the new technocracy of the intelligent society, corporate entities represented by Google and Facebook rely on the dominance of information and communication technologies such as big data to gain the sole decision-maker’s control, which has caused many adverse effects on the economic, political and even social levels and is urgently needed to be managed. In view of the fact that the scientific realism on which technocracy is based is no longer suitable for the current reality of the interrelationship of science, technology, and society, scientific governance from the perspective of STS has become an inspiring idea. This idea adheres to the ontology of practice, focuses on the establishment of alliances and cooperative relations between heterogeneous actors, and has the dual connotations of the governance of science itself and science-society relations. At the time when technoscience is popular, it helps to promote the well-ordered operation of the intelligent society.