视力障碍儿童青少年身体活动研究进展——基于1981-2021年中英文文献的范围综述

Scoping Review of Studies Exploring Physical Activity Among Children and Adolescents with Visual Impairment from 1981 to 2021

采用范围综述的方法回顾、总结和分析视力障碍(视障)儿童青少年身体活动(physical activity,PA)中英文相关研究。在7个英文数据库(Web of Science核心合集、ERIC、Academic Search Premier、SPORTDicus、MEDLINE、PubMed和Scopus)和3个中文数据库(CNKI、万方数据库和维普数据库)中检索1981—2021年发表的视障儿童青少年PA相关文献,提取文献的基本特征信息。基于行为流行病学理论框架,采用演绎内容分析法对所纳入研究的结果进行归类,发现共51篇视障儿童青少年PA相关文献纳入综述,其中:仅有29.4%的研究检验了PA与身心健康的量效关系,该阶段研究数量较少导致识别PA影响因素以及干预研究的支撑较为薄弱;3.9%的研究对PA测量工具进行了信效度检验,用加速度计测量视障儿童青少年短时PA具有较高的信效度,但应给予受试者1天的佩戴适应期;54.9%的研究检视和探讨了PA影响因素,影响因素主要涉及个人(如年龄、性别、视障程度、自我感知运动能力等)、人际(如父母及家庭成员、体育教师等)和环境(如邻里安全、社区适应体育设施和课程获得便利性、天气等)层面;11.8%的研究检验了PA干预方案效果,设置PA目标、对家长进行视障和PA知识教育、安排视力健康同伴导师以及实施PA课程对促进视障儿童青少年PA有效。

Through a scoping review,the current state of physical activity(PA)researches in children and adolescents with visual impairment(VI)was examined.A search of publications in 7 English data(Web of Science,ERIC,Academic Search Premier,SPORTDicus,MEDLINE,PubMed and Scopus)and 3 Chinese data(CNKI,WANFANG and WEIPU)between 1981 and 2021 retrieved 51 articles that met inclusion criteria was conducted.Eligible studies were coded according to the Behavioral Epidemiological Framework.29.4%of studies examined associations between PA and health outcomes,which resulted in the weak foundations of examining factors influencing PA and intervention studies.3.9%of studies tested methodology to measure PA.The results of this part showed that accelerometers were useful tools for measuring short term PA levels in children and adolescents with VI.However,the utilization of a 1-day familiarization period during data collection is suggested when measuring PA among this population.54.9%of studies examined factors that influenced PA.The factors included personal(e.g.age,gender,VI levels,and perceived motor competence),interpersonal(e.g.parents,other families,and physical education teachers)and environmental(e.g.neighborhood safety,availability of adapted physical facilities and fitness program,and weather).11.8%of studies evaluated the interventions to change PA.Setting PA level goals,educating parents of children and adolescents with VI on VI and PA knowledge,arranging peer tutors without disabilities helping children and adolescents with VI,and implementing PA programs had positive effects on improving PA levels among this population.