缺水基岩山区蓄水构造类型划分及其属性分析

Classification and attribute analysis of water-storing structures in water deficient bedrock mountainous areas

近十多年来,服务脱贫攻坚的基岩山区找水打井工作充分运用并丰富了蓄水构造理论,但缺乏对其类型的统一划分和属性的深入分析。以蓄水构造为理论指导,考虑地貌汇水、岩性赋水、构造控水等控制因素,以构造为主控因素,综合地形地貌、地层岩性和植被发育及开发利用实际价值等因素,系统总结划分出缺水基岩山区水平岩层、单斜、褶皱、断裂、接触、风化壳、复合、洞藏等8类20型35式蓄水构造,并借鉴、结合新构造控水理论和地下水系统理论分析总结不同尺度、不同类型蓄水构造的共性特征,从蓄水构造空间组合特征、边界水文地质性质、水动力条件、尺度效应、控水共生特征、开发利用实际价值等方面,提出了岩性与地质构造的相关性、透水与隔水的相对性、汇水与蓄水的平衡性、尺度与系统的统一性、形成与改造的继承性和规模与目的的匹配性等蓄水构造属性。研究成果细化完善了缺水基岩山区地下水蓄水构造类型划分,总结提炼了蓄水构造属性特征,深化了对蓄水构造概念内涵的理解与认识。既进一步推动了基岩山区水文地质学的研究,也可为缺水区找水定井提供参考,并指导缺水区水资源可持续利用。

Since 2002,the China Geological Survey has successively organized and implemented hydrogeological survey and groundwater exploration in water deficient areas,such as severe water shortage areas in west China,Wumeng Mountain area,Yimeng mountain area and red bed area in southern Jiangxi,obtained a large number of exploration data conducive to promoting discipline development,and summarized the law of water abundance.In recent decades,water prospecting and well drilling in bedrock mountainous areas serving poverty alleviation have not been systematically summarized based on water storage structures and their attributes.This paper takes the water storage structure as the theoretical guidance,considers geomorphic catchment,lithological water accumulation,structural water control and other control factors,and takes structure as the main control factor.The factors such as topography,formation lithology,vegetation development and actual value of development and utilization are systematically summarized and water storage structures are divided into 8 types,further divided into20 types,and more into 35 types,such as the horizontal rock stratum,monocline formation,fold,fault,contact zone,weathered crust,composite and cave reservoir.The common characteristics of different scales and types of water storage structures are analyzed and summarized with reference to and in combination with the neotectonic water control theory and groundwater system theory.From the aspects of spatial combination characteristics of water storage structure,boundary hydrogeological properties,hydrodynamic conditions,scale effect,symbiotic characteristics of water control and practical value of development and utilization,this paper puts forward the correlation between the lithology and geological structure,the relativity of permeability and water separation,the balance between catchment and water storage,the unity of scale and system,the inheritance of formation and transformation and the matching of scale and purpose.The research results refine and improve the classification of groundwater storage structure types in bedrock mountain areas with water shortage,summarize the attribute characteristics of water storage structure,deepen the understanding of the concept and connotation of water storage structure,not only further promote the research of hydrogeology in bedrock mountain areas,but also provide references for water prospecting and well locating in water shortage areas,and guide the sustainable utilization of water resources in water shortage areas.