环境公益诉讼和生态环境损害赔偿诉讼的衔接问题研究

Research on the Connection between Litigations for Environmental Public Interest and Compensation of Ecological Environmental Damage

环境公益诉讼和生态环境损害赔偿诉讼都是为了保护生态环境利益而进行的司法活动。从法理上说,环境公益诉讼和生态环境损害赔偿诉讼的制度构建都是以维护生态环境整体利益为归依的,二者在价值上具有一致性,但它们在制度设计、诉讼程序等方面存在着交叠冲突的问题。从生态环境整体主义出发,尽管在诉讼顺位的法律设定上,生态环境损害赔偿诉讼先于环境公益诉讼是科学合理的,但仍然都存在规范不足等问题,因此有必要从立法、司法实践等层面进一步完善两种诉讼制度,使其合理衔接,以更好实现对生态环境利益的整体保护。

The litigations for the public interest of the environment and compensation of ecological environmental damage are both judicial activities to protect the interests of the ecological environment. Legally speaking,the system construction of environmental public interest litigation and ecological environmental damage compensation litigation is based on the protection of the overall interests of the ecological environment. The two are consistent in value. However,there are overlaps and conflicts in terms of system design and litigation procedure.From the perspective of Eco-environmental holism,it is appropriate and reasonable for the ecological environment damage compensation litigation to precede the environmental public interest litigation in terms of the setting of the litigation sequence,but there exist insufficient regulations in both. Therefore,it is necessary to improve the two litigation systems in terms of legislation and judicial practice,so that they can be reasonably connected and better realize the protection of the overall interests of the ecological environment.