喀斯特地区石漠化程度与林分水源涵养的相关性研究

Study on Correlation between Rocky Desertification Degree and Forest Water Conservation in Karst Area

为探究喀斯特石漠化地区不同类型森林涵养水源能力,以中国南方喀斯特毕节-撒拉溪潜在-轻度石漠化研究区、关岭-贞丰花江中-强度石漠化研究区、施秉无-潜在石漠化研究区9种森林为研究对象,测定不同森林的枯落物层和土壤层涵养水源能力。结果表明:枯落物层有效拦蓄量排序为:中-强度石漠化研究区柚木>翅荚香槐>花椒,潜在-轻度石漠化研究区华山松>光皮桦>核桃,无-潜在石漠化研究区梨>南川椴>马尾松;不同林型土壤容重在0.85 g·cm^(–3)~1.34 g·cm^(–3)间变动,总空隙度在47.71%~65.69%间变动,土壤容重与土壤孔隙度、持水量和蓄水量均呈负相关关系(p<0.05),而土壤含水量则与其呈正相关关系(p<0.05);采用Topsis优劣解距离法计算不同林型综合涵养水源能力结果为:中-强度石漠化研究区柚木>翅荚香槐>花椒,潜在-轻度石漠化研究区华山松>光皮桦>核桃,无-潜在石漠化研究区马尾松>梨>南川椴。研究结果可为后续石漠化治理和植被修复提供依据。

In order to investigate the water conservation capacity of different types of forest in karst rocky desertification areas,the water-holding capacity of litter layer and soil layer of different forests was measured in nine types of forest in Bijie-Salaxi potential-mild rocky desertification research area,Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang medium-intensity rocky desertification research area and Shibingwu potential rocky desertification research areas in southern China.The results showed that:(1)The order of effective retention capacity of litter layer in the medium-intensity rocky desertification study area was:Tectona grandis>Cladrastis platycarpa>Zanthoxylum bungeanum,in the potential-mild rocky desertification study area was:Pinus armandii>Betula luminifera>Juglans regia,in the non-potential rocky desertification study area was:Pyrus>Tilia nanchuanensis>Pinus massoniana.(2)Soil bulk density of different forest types varied from 0.85 g·cm^(−3) to 1.34 g·cm^(−3),and total porosity varied from 47.71%to 65.69%.Soil bulk density was negatively correlated with soil porosity,water holding capacity and water storage(p<0.05),while soil water content was positively correlated with soil porosity(p<0.05).(3)The comprehensive water-holding capacity of different forest types was calculated by Topsis method.The results showed that in medium-intensity rocky desertification study area:Tectona grandis>Cladrastis platycarpa>Zanthoxylum bungeanum,in potential-mild rocky desertification study area:Pinus armandii>Betula luminifera>Juglans regia,and in non-potential rocky desertification study area:Pinus massoniana>Pyrus>Tilia nanchuanensis.The results could provide a basis for subsequent rocky desertification management and vegetation restoration.