功能磁共振成像在物质相关和成瘾性障碍的研究进展

Advances in fMRI research in substance-related and addictive disorders

成瘾是一种影响决策、情绪平衡、行为控制的疾病,不仅会在使用精神活性产品的情况下产生,而且在行为依赖的情况下也会出现,统称为物质相关和成瘾性障碍。物质相关和成瘾性障碍对个人、家庭、社区和社会带来了巨大的健康和经济负担,长期成瘾造成大脑功能的变化是成瘾过程发展和维持的关键,如何客观评估这种改变成为了研究的一大热点。酒精使用障碍、尼古丁使用障碍、大麻使用障碍以及其他非物质成瘾会导致维持成瘾的多个脑回路出现功能障碍,功能磁共振成像可用于客观评估患者的脑功能改变,对临床医生治疗方案的选择和评估预后是有利的。本文旨在回顾国内外相关研究,对物质相关和成瘾性障碍相关疾病的fMRI研究进展进行综述。

Addiction is a disease affecting decision-making, the emotional balance, the control of behaviour, not only in cases of psychoactive products use but also in behavioural dependencies, collectively known as substance-related and addictive disorders.Substance-related and addictive disorders impose enormous health and economic burdens on individuals, families, communities, and society. Changes in brain function caused by long-term addiction are key to the development and maintenance of the addiction process.How to objectively assess such changes becomes a hotspot of research. Alcohol use disorder, nicotine use disorder, marijuana use disorder, and other non-substance addictions lead to dysfunction of multiple brain circuits that sustain addiction, functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) can be used to objectively assess the changes in brain function of patients, which is beneficial for clinicians to choose treatment options and evaluate prognosis. The purpose of this paper is to review relevant research at home and abroad, and to review the progress of fMRI research on substance-related and addictive disorders.