区块链时代智能合约刑事风险的教义学限制

Doctrinal Limitations of the Criminal Risk of Smart Contracts in the Blockchain Era

以区块链为技术基础的智能合约挑战着既有刑法体系,且伴随的刑事风险日益固化,确有刑法规制之必要。然而,受风险社会思潮影响,过度的入罪化、重刑化已成主流,使智能合约刑事风险呈扩张化趋势。鉴于此,在把握智能合约刑法规制的基本逻辑之上,应当充分尊重代码自治和前置法治的作用,非刑法措施能够实现规制效果时不应求助于刑罚。进入刑事评价后,应当以本质还原法、类型区分法、统一适用法、比例判断法和本义解释法为方法论确定刑法规制的限度,坚守刑法谦抑品格,探索金融创新与风险防控之间的平衡路径。

The intelligent contract based on blockchain and technology challenges the existing criminal law system, and the accompanying criminal risks are increasingly solidified, which is indeed necessary for the criminal law system. However, due to the influence of risk social thought, excessive criminalization and heavy punishment have become the mainstream, making the criminal risk of intelligent contract show an expansion trend. In view of this, in grasping the basic logic of intelligent contract punishment regulation system, the role of code autonomy and prerule of law should be fully respected, and punishment should not resort to help when non-criminal law measures can achieve the regulatory effect. After entering the criminal evaluation, we should determine the limit of the punishment regulation system with the essential reduction method, type differentiation method, unified applicable law, proportional judgment method and this meaning interpretation method, adhere to the modest character of the criminal law, and explore the balance path between financial innovation and risk prevention and control.