我国民法典中的未成年人监护制度及其完善

The Guardianship System for Minors in China’s Civil Code and Its Perfection

监护制度对未成年人的保护至关重要。我国民法典中的监护制度立足中国国情和实践,贯彻了儿童利益最大化的原则与精神,融入了未成年人保护社会化的理念,增强了监护制度的可操作性,为未成年人权益提供了有力的制度保障。但是对照未成年人监护制度的一般结构,我国民法典确立的未成年人监护制度受限于总则编的体例,未能对亲权、监护监督、委托照护等作出详细规定。2020年修正的《未成年人保护法》对民法典未成年人监护制度的上述不足作出有益补充。但是,由于《未成年人保护法》的相关规定仍有待完善,且民法典与《未成年人保护法》存在法律性质上的差异,因此,民法典中未成年人监护制度仍有讨论与完善的空间。

The guardianship system is very important for the protection of minors.The guardianship system in China’s Civil Code is based on China’s national conditions and practice,follows the principle and spirit of maximizing children’s interests,integrates the concept of socialization of minors’ protection,enhances the operability of the guardianship system,and provides a strong institutional guarantee for minors’ rights and interests.However,compared with the general structure of the guardianship system,the guardianship system established in China’s Civil Code is limited by the style of the general provisions and fails to make detailed provisions on parental rights,guardianship supervision and entrusted care.The Law on the Protection of Minors amended in 2020 makes a useful supplement to the above deficiencies of the guardianship system for minors in the Civil Code.However,because the relevant provisions of the Law on the Protection of Minors still need to be improved and it is different from the Civil Code in terms of legal nature,there is still room for discussion and improvement of the guardianship system for minors in the Civil Code.