水热炭化技术及其在废水处理中的应用研究进展

Hydrothermal carbonization technology and its application research progress in wastewater treatment

以重金属、有机物、阴离子等为代表的水体主要污染物的脱除已成为水污染治理研究的重点。吸附法由于具有操作简单、成本效益高等优势,在废水处理领域应用广泛。其中,吸附剂是吸附法得以推广应用的关键。生物质废弃物是一种可再生资源,采用传统的焚烧方式对其进行处理,不仅会污染环境,还会浪费能源。水热炭化是一种新兴的热化学转化方法,其可直接将高含水率、低能量密度的废弃生物质原料制备成炭材料,具有反应温和、成本低廉、工艺操作过程简单等优点。根据水热炭化技术的工艺特点,系统阐释了固液比、水热温度、水热时间3个主要工艺参数对制备水热炭的影响;结合最新研究报道,在吸附性能和机理方面归纳汇总了水热炭材料对水体重金属、有机污染物和阴离子污染物的吸附研究进展,并就水热炭再生与资源化利用进行了概述;最后在此基础上对水热炭去除水中污染物的未来研究方向进行了展望。

The removal of major water pollutants represented by heavy metals,organics,and anions has become the focus of water pollution control research. The adsorption method is widely used in wastewater treatment due to its advantages of simple operation and high cost-effectiveness. Among them,the adsorbent is the key to the promotion and application of the adsorption method. Biomass waste is a kind of renewable resource. Using traditional incineration methods to treat it will not only pollute the environment,but also waste energy. Hydrothermal carbonization is an emerging thermochemical conversion method,which can directly prepare waste biomass materials with high moisture content and low energy density into carbon materials. It has the advantages of mild reaction,low cost,and simple process operation. According to the process characteristics of hydrothermal carbonization technology,the influence of three main process parameters of solid-liquid ratio,hydrothermal temperature,and hydrothermal time on the preparation of hydrothermal carbon were explained systematically. Combined with the latest research reports,the adsorption performance and mechanism of hydrothermal carbon materials on the heavy metals,organic pollutants and anionic pollutants in water were summarized,and the regeneration and resource utilization of hydrothermal carbon were summarized. Finally,on this basis,the future research direction of hydrothermal carbon to remove pollutants in water was prospected.