面向海上油田采油废水的抗污染膜制备的研究进展

Preparation of anti-fouling membrane for offshore oilfield production wastewater:A review

膜过滤技术由于除油效率高,处理水量大,操作控制方便而在海上油田采油废水处理中拥有广阔的前景,然而膜污染问题影响了其在海上油田的推广应用。分析了海上油田采油废水的水质特点及该废水处理所面临的主要问题,详细介绍了有关有机膜和陶瓷膜在海上油田采油废水处理以及提高其抗污能力方面的研究进展。研究表明,有机材料如聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚醚砜(PES)、聚砜(PS)以及聚丙烯腈(PAN)等已成为制备抗污染有机膜的热门材料;制备抗污染陶瓷膜的材料主要有Al_(2)O_(3)、ZrO_(2)、TiO_(2)、SiO_(2)、SiC等。然而在以往的提高膜防污能力的研究中,还缺乏对有机膜耐酸碱性、机械稳定性以及陶瓷膜表面的污染机理、如何降低陶瓷膜制造成本等的研究。基于此,笔者提出了有关有机膜和陶瓷膜制备的未来研究的新方向。该项研究对于膜过滤技术在海上油田的广泛、高效应用具有重要意义。

Membrane filtration technology has broad prospects in offshore oilfield wastewater treatment because of its high oil removal efficiency,large capacity and convenient operation.However,membrane pollution has hindered its application in offshore oilfields.The water quality characteristics of offshore oilfield wastewater and the main problems faced by the wastewater treatment were analyzed.The research progress of organic membrane and ceramic membrane in treating offshore oilfield production wastewater and improving its anti-fouling ability were introduced in detail.The research showed that organic materials such as polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF),polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE),polyethersulfone(PES),polysulfone(PS)and polyacrylonitrile(PAN)had become popular materials for preparing anti-pollution organic membrane.The materials used for the preparation of anti-pollution ceramic membrane mainly included Al_(2)O_(3),ZrO_(2),TiO_(2),SiO_(2),SiC,etc.However,in the previous research on improving the anti-fouling ability of the membrane,there was still a lack of many studies,such as acid and alkali resistance,mechanical stability of organic membrane,the pollution mechanism of the ceramic membrane surface,and how to reduce the manufacturing cost of ceramic membrane.Based on this,the author proposed new directions for future research on the preparation of organic membrane and ceramic membrane.This research was of great significance to the extensive and efficient application of membrane filtration technology in offshore oilfields.