入罪数额差异化正当性之辩

On the Legitimacy of the Amount Differentiation of the Crime

入罪数额作为数额犯的基本犯罪构成要素,决定着犯罪成立与否。入罪数额可以划分为立法型与司法型、明确性与概括性、单一型与选择型等多种类型,对于概括型入罪数额带来的司法适用问题,司法解释作出了具体化的差异规定与同一规定。差异化的入罪数额既表现为罪名之间的横向差异,也表现为不同时代同种罪名的纵向差异,但这种处理方式引发了学者在诈骗罪与金融诈骗罪、单位犯罪与自然人犯罪就入罪数额差异化正当与否的分歧;同时也有学者对贪污罪与受贿罪是否应当适用同一标准提出质疑。入罪数额差异化现象的存在有自身的正当性基础,它不仅是罪刑均衡得以实现的基本路径,而且是刑事政策调控入罪数量,保持刑法谦抑性的需要。

As the basic elements of the crime of amount,the amount of the crime determines whether the crime is established or not.The amount of the crime can be divided into various types of legislative and judicial,explicit and general,single and selective,etc.For the judicial application problem brought by the general amount of the crime,the judicial interpretation has made specific differences provision and the same provision.The amount differentiation of the crime is manifested as the horizontal difference between charges and the longitudinal difference of the same charges in different eras.However,this treatment method has caused the differences among scholars on whether the amount differentiation of the crime is justified or not between fraud and financial fraud,unit crime and personal crime.Meanwhile,some scholars have questioned whether the same standard should be applied to the corruption crime and the bribery crime.The existence of the amount differentiation of the crime has its own legitimate basis,which is not only the basic path to realize the balance of crime and punishment,but also the need to regulate the number of criminal crimes and maintain the necessity of the criminal law.