从《郡斋读书志》看晁公武的诗学观

On Chao Gongwu's Poetic View from Records of Reading in Junzhai

晁公武《郡斋读书志》作为“目录之冠”而受后儒宗仰,在辨章学术、考镜源流的目录学功用之外,《郡斋读书志》在目录编排、点论发凡之间,亦蕴含着晁公武的文学思想,而诗学观为其中重要部分。晁公武《郡斋读书志》论诗有自家方法:一是知人论世,坚持文学与世情的结合;二是论诗及人,强调诗品与人品的融贯;三是兼顾文采,主张情感与文采的互补。在论诗主张上:一是以学力论诗,推崇通才类型诗人;二是追求革故出新,注重时代诗风之转变;三是强调真情实感,反对绮靡纤弱习气;四是不拘一格,能够多种诗歌风格并举;五是同而有异,达到共性与个性的兼容。

Chao Gongwu's Records of Reading in Junzhai,as the"top of the catalogues",is worshipped by the later Confucians.Besides the bibliographic functions of classification,combing and verification,Chao Gongwu's literary thoughts are also contained in the compilation of the catalogue and the publication of comments.Undoubtedly,poetic view is an important part of it.Chao Gongwu's Records of Reading in Junzhai has his own way of discussing poetry:first,he knows people and discusses the world,and adheres to the combination of literature and world conditions;second,he discusses poetry and people,emphasizing the integration of poetry and moral character;third,he takes into account literary talent and advocates the complementary of emotion and literary talent.In terms of the views on poetry:firstly,we should discuss poetry with academic ability and admire all-round poets;secondly,we should advocate the reform and innovation and pay attention to the change of poetic style of the times;thirdly,we should emphasize the true feelings and oppose the extravagant and delicate habits;fourthly,we should follow no set pattern and be able to develop a variety of poetic styles simultaneously;fifthly,we should be able to achieve the compatibility of commonness and personality.