当代文学批评的理论自觉及其认识误区

Theoretical Self-Consciousness and Its Misunderstandings of Contemporary Literary Criticism

肇始于20世纪80年代中后期的文学批评的理论自觉,是由两股力量推动的。一是文学创作中的新变,及其带来的对批评的挑战;二是国外理论的冲击及其对批评家们的影响。历史地看,文学批评的理论自觉是批评理论化趋势的重要成果,但它还有一个副产品出现,那就是文学批评的“理论过剩”现象。理论能带来文学批评的意识自觉,但它自身也是有限度的。文学批评要想成为有效的批评,应当同现实建立起联系,在文学活动各个环节之间交往和沟通的意义上展开对话。

Theoretical self-consciousness of literary criticism,which sprung up in the mid-to-late 1980s,was motivated by two forces.The first is new changes in literary creation and their challenges to criticism.The second is the foreign theories'impact and their influence on critics.Historically,theoretical self-consciousness of literary criticism is an important achievement of the theorization trend of criticism,but the by-product is the "excess of theory"phenomenon in literary criticism.Theory can lead to a consciousness of literary criticism,but it has intrinsic limits.To be effective,literary criticism needs to connect with realities and promote dialogues between all aspects of literary activities for the significance of interaction and communication.