细菌DNA损伤修复的诱导、调控及结局的研究进展

Research Progress of Induction, Regulation and Outcomes of Bacterial DNA Damage Repair

DNA损伤修复(SOS反应)是细菌适应环境、抵抗外界压力和修复自身损伤的重要机制。为了解SOS反应的过程,全面揭示细菌生存机制,本研究对DNA损伤修复的过程、调节及适应性变化进行文献综述。结果表明,内源和外源的诸多压力都可以激活SOS反应,抗生素是激活该反应的主要因素。Rec A在感知外界压力和系统启动过程中发挥重要作用,也是整个反应调控的重要靶点。Lex A作为阻遏蛋白是整个反应的抑制剂,SOS反应启动后,其释放下游一系列的DNA修复基因,进而完成DNA的损伤修复。SOS反应的结局包括:DNA精准修复、减慢或停止细胞分裂、染色体基因突变率增高、毒力/致病性改变、耐药性增强或耐药基因水平传播。了解SOS反应的整个过程,有助于揭示细菌适应环境的生存代谢过程,为致病菌的防治奠定理论基础。

DNA damage repair(SOS response) plays an important role for bacteria to adapt to the environment,resist external pressure and repair DNA damage. In order to understand the process and comprehensively revealing the survival mechanism of bacteria, here we systematically review the studies of the process, regulation and subsequent adaptive results of DNA damage repair. The results show that both endogenous and exogenous pressures can activate the SOS response, especially antibiotics. RecA plays an important role in the process of sensing external pressure and system start-up process, and is also an important regulation target. As a repressor protein, LexA is an inhibitor of the whole response. After the SOS response starts, LexA releases a series of downstream DNA damage repair genes to complete the DNA repair.The adaptive results of SOS response are as follows: DNA precise repair, slowing down or stopping cell division, increasing of chromosome mutation rate,virulence or pathogenicity change, enhanced drug resistance or horizontal transmission of drug-resistance genes.Understanding the whole process of SOS response is helpful to reveal the survival and metabolism process of bacteria adapting to the environment, and lay a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of pathogenic bacteria.